Digestive

Question 1

Why can enamel not regenerate?

Answer 1

no cells

Question 2

What are the three parts of a tooth?

Answer 2

Crown
Neck
Root

Question 3

What makes up the Crown?

Answer 3

Enamel
1/2 Dentin

Question 4

What makes up the Root?

Answer 4

1/2 Dentin
Pulp
Cementum
Periodontal Ligament

Question 5

What is enamel made out of?

Answer 5

Crystalline Rods or Prisms of Calcium Phosphate & Carbonate

Question 6

What is the hardest tissue of the body?

Answer 6

Enamel
Also has no sensation

Question 7

What can erode Enamel?

Answer 7

Acid + Bacteria

Question 8

What is Dentin made of?

Answer 8

Cells (Odonoblasts)

Question 9

What is Pulp made of?

Answer 9

soft tissue
blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics

Question 10

What is Cementum made of?

Answer 10

calcified connective tissue covering the root

Question 11

What is Cementum used for?

Answer 11

tooth support and anchorage

Question 12

What is the Periodontal Ligament?

Answer 12

Collagen fibres linking the bone of the socket (alveolar bone) to the cementum

Question 13

Purpose of the Periodontal Ligament

Answer 13

Join tooth to alveolar bone

Question 14

What are the 3 types of Papillae (bumps) on the tongue?

Answer 14

Fungiform
Filiform
Vallate (taste buds found here)

Question 15

What are the 3 major pairs of Salivary Glands in order?

Answer 15

Parotid (serous only)
Sublingual (serous, but mainly mucous)
Submandibular (mixed)

Question 16

When is saliva secreted?

Answer 16

Following Parasympathetic stimulation induced by seeing, smelling, tasting or thinking about food

Question 17

What is Saliva made of?

Answer 17

Water + Mucus + Enzymes

Question 18

Lysozome

Answer 18

Enzyme
Antibacterial

Question 19

Gross Convolutions

Answer 19

Tubes intertwined such as the Small Intestine

Question 20

Luminal Folds

Answer 20

Circular Rings (SI)
- Plicase Circularis

Question 21

Projections towards the lumen

Answer 21

Villi
Evagination (into lumen)

Question 22

Projections away from lumen

Answer 22

Glands
Invagination (away from lumen)
Stomach + intestines

Question 23

What are the four tunics of the small intestine in order?

Answer 23

Mucosa
Submucose
Muscularis Externa
Serosa

Question 24

Mucosa (mucous membrane)

Answer 24

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

Question 25

Submucosa

Answer 25

loose connective tissue
carries large blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves
connects the mucosa to the external muscle coat

Question 26

Muscularis Externa (external smooth muscle)

Answer 26

Two layers to produce peristalsis
Inner layer - circular
Outer layer - longitudinal

Question 27

Serosa

Answer 27

slippery outer covering for the gut tube (except oesphagus)
Two layered (outer mesothelium on a bed of CT)

Question 28

What occurs between the two layers of the Muscularis Externa?

Answer 28

Myenteric Nerve Plexis

Question 29

Epithelium

Answer 29

specialised for protection or absorption or secretion

Question 30

Lamina Propria

Answer 30

soft fibrous bed of loose CT on which the epithelium rests
carries nerves and capillaries, populated with defensive cells

Question 31

muscularis mucosae

Answer 31

two thin layers of smooth muscle, inner circular/ outer longitudinal
Provides the mucosa with some movement independent of the external muscle coat (not peristalsis, localised movement instead)