Cardiovascular

Question 1

Pulsatile Pump

Answer 1

Heart
Not continuous

Question 2

Elastic Artery

Answer 2

many thin sheets of elastin in the middle tunic

Question 3

Function of Muscular Arteries

Answer 3

bulk distribute blood around the body at high pressure

Question 4

How is rate of blood flow adjusted?

Answer 4

using smooth muscle to vary the radius of the vessel
- a small change in radius has a large effect on flow rate
(flow is proportional to the fourth power of the radius)

Question 5

Muscular Artery

Answer 5

many layers of circular smooth muscle wrapped around the vessel in the middle tunic

Question 6

What are the three sections of the wall of a muscular artery?

Answer 6

Outer tunic
Middle tunic (with smooth muscle)
Inner tunic

Question 7

Function of an Arteriole

Answer 7

control blood flow into capillary beds

Question 8

Structure of Arteriole

Answer 8

between one and three layers of circular smooth muscle wrapped around the vessel in the middle tunic

Question 9

Function of Capillary

Answer 9

tiny vessels which are thin-walled to allow exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes between blood and surrounding tissue fluid

Question 10

Structure of Capillaries

Answer 10

leaky vessels, plasma escapes
single layer of endothelium/ no smooth muscle and no connective tissue (cannot change diameter)

Question 11

Function of Venule

Answer 11

low-pressure vessels which drain capillary beds.
During infection they are the site where white blood cells leave the blood circulation to attack bacteria in the tissue alongside

Question 12

Veins

Answer 12

thin-walled / low-pressure
stretch easily
act as reservoir to store blood

Question 13

Coronary Arteries

Answer 13

Arise from the aorta just down from the aortic valve

Question 14

Cardiac Output =

Answer 14

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

Question 15

CO

Answer 15

Cardiac Output
the volume of blood ejected into the aorta per minute

Question 16

Venous Return

Answer 16

the volume of blood returning to the heart from the vasculature every minute and it is linked to cardiac output

Question 17

What is Heart Rate controlled by?

Answer 17

SA Node

Question 18

Stroke Volume

Answer 18

The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart during each systolic cardiac contraction

Question 19

End-diastolic volume

Answer 19

is the amount of blood that is in the ventricles before the heart contracts.

Question 20

End-systolic volume (ESV)

Answer 20

The volume of blood in the left or right ventricle at the end of the systolic ejection phase immediately before the beginning of diastole or ventricular filling.

Question 21

Frank Starling law of the heart?

Answer 21

The stroke volume of the left ventricle will increase as volume increases, due to the myocyte stretch causing a more forceful systolic contraction

Question 22

Preload

Answer 22

The initial stretching of the cardiac muscle cells prior to contraction
- leads to an increase in EDV and an increase stroke volume
-mitral valve closes

Question 23

Afterload

Answer 23

The amount of pressure that the heart needs to exert to eject the blood during ventricular contraction

Question 24

Hypertension

Answer 24

higher resting BP

Question 25

Intropy

Answer 25

the performance of the heart at a given preload and afterkiad

Question 26

Baroreceptors

Answer 26

sensing pressure
respond to stretch in the atrial wall

Question 27

vagus nerve

Answer 27

parasympathetic