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MEDSCI142 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Oxytocin

A

helps with smoth muscle contraction, causing milk ejection and contraction of uterus during birth. Used to induce labour

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2
Q

Oestradiol

A

Main site of estrogen production in the granulose ceols of the growing follice

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3
Q

Progesterone

A

main steroidal hormone of the corpus luteum and of the placenta
associated with preprations for pregnancy and its maintenance

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4
Q

SRY Gene

A

Sex-determining region on the Y chromosome provides the pathways for testes to develop
Absences of SRY = female

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5
Q

xx

A

female

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6
Q

xy

A

male

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7
Q

Mullerian duct

A

females

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8
Q

Wolffian duct

A

male

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9
Q

Precocious Puberty

A

7 female
9 male
GnRH dependent problem

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10
Q

Delayed Puberty

A

Gonadotropin signals from the pituitary are inadequate for sex steroid hormone production

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11
Q

Menopause

A

consequence of ovaries running out of follicles

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12
Q

Oestrogen

A

one of the main female sex hormones. It is needed for puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, bone strength and other functions of the body.

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13
Q

Vagina

A

serves as a passegway for the elimination of menstrual fluids. Also holds spermatozoa before they pass into the ueterus
- elastic muscular

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14
Q

Uterus

A

Provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for developing fetuses

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15
Q

What are the two zones of the endometrium in the Uterus?

A

Inner Functional Zone (stratum functionalis - uterine glands for nutrients)
Outer Basilar Zone (stratum basalis - attaches endometrium to myometrium)

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16
Q

Myometrium

A

Muscular wall of uterus
Important for contractions

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17
Q

Fundus

A

top of the uterus to the pubic bone

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18
Q

Where does fertilisation happen in the fallopian tubes?

A

ampulla

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19
Q

Uterine (fallopian) tubes

A

provides a rich nutrientive enviroment containing lipids and glycogen for spermatozoa, oocyte and the developing embryo

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20
Q

Epithelium lining the uterine tubes

A

ciliated and non-ciliated secretory columnar cells

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21
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

fertilized embryo is implanted in any tissue other than the uterine wall

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22
Q

Three regions of the Ovaries

A

Outer Ovarian Cortex - contains ovarian follicles
Central Ovarian Medulla - contains ovarian stroma + steroid producing cells
Inner Hilum (hilus) - point of entry for nerves and BV

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23
Q

What does the presence of hcG mean in maternal blood?

A

Indicator of pregnancy and is the hormone used in at home pregnancy tests

24
Q

Follicular phase

A

dau 1-14
(menstrual phase + preovulatory phase)

25
Q

Luteal Phase

A

14-28
(ovulation + postovulatory phase)

26
Q

Three phases of the endometrial cycle

A

menstrual
proliferative
secretory

27
Q

Order of Spermatogenic Cells formation

A

Spermatogonium
Primary Spermatocyte
Secondary Spermatocyte
Spermatid
Spermatozoon (sperm cell)

28
Q

What are the functions of the tail/midpiece/head of the sperm?

A

Head - contains DNA and is covered by a acrosome that is filled with enzymes required for egg penetration
Midpiece - packed with mitochondria for energy
Tail - swimming

29
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Stimulate production of ABP
Form barriers
produce inhibin which can turn of FSH production

30
Q

Leydig cells

A

produce testerone
outside seminiferous tubules

31
Q

Dihydrotestosterone

A

cannot be converted into estrogen

32
Q

Kisspeptin

A

sits above GnRh neurons and when its produced it causes secretion of GnRh

33
Q

Oligospermia

A

reduced count of sperm <20 million

34
Q

Azoospermia

A

no sperm in ejaculate

35
Q

Immotile

A

can’t swim

36
Q

testes

A

located in the scrotum

37
Q

cryptorchidism

A

if they testes do not descend during pregnancy from the pelvis

38
Q

Where is sperm produced

A

seminiferous tubules

39
Q

Where do sperm move to from the seminiferous tubules?

A

rete testis
epididymis
vas deferens

40
Q

Vas deferens

A

tube where sperm is stored for several months
- runs from the epididymis up and around the bladder -> then back down to the ejaculatory duct

41
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Secretory glands that produce a mucoid substance that is alkaline. contains fructose for energy
doesn’t store it

42
Q

Order of ejaculation

A

Prostatic Secretions
Sperm
Seminal Vesicle secretions

43
Q

what passes through the prostate?

A

urethra

44
Q

What does the prostate secrete?

A

slightly acidic prostatic fluid
prostate specific antigen that breaks down poste ejaculation coagulum to prevent sperm from getting stuck in the vagina

45
Q

How is the acidity of the prostatic fluid neutralised?

A

in the semen by seminal vesicle fluid

46
Q

What is the semen made of?

A

Sperm
Seminal vesicle fluid
Prostatic fluid
other secretions

47
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

A

excess growth of the prostate
- can cover the urethra, meaning trouble urinating

48
Q

What do the drugs Finasteride + Dutasteride do?

A

stop the prostrate enlarging/shrink it

49
Q

Penile Urethra

A

conducts semen (and urine)

49
Q

3 main parts of the penis

A

Corpora cavernosa
Corpus Spongiosum
Penile Urethra

50
Q

Corpus spongiosum

A

surrounds the penile urethra and prevents occlusion during erection

51
Q

Corpora Cavernose x2

A

the main erectile tissues

52
Q

What does the release of NO and Prostaglandin E1 do?

A

Causes the smooth muscle of the corposa cavernosa to relax

53
Q

What does Viagra?

A

inhibits phoshodiesterase (type 5) leading to increase in GMP, relaxation of the arteies supplying the corpora cavernose and erection

54
Q

GMP

A

is required for the relaxation of the smooth muscle in the corpa cavernosa

55
Q
A

MEDSCI142 (18 decks)

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