Respiratory System Anatomy Flashcards
What is the respiratory system responsible for?
breathing and the exchange of gases that allow respiration to occur at the cellular level
what is another name for breathing?
ventilation
what is breathing?
mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs
What is exchanged between the lungs and blood?
gases, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
Where does blood transport oxygen?
to the tissues where the cells. use oxygen for respiration
what is respiration?
the chemical process of using oxygen to produce energy
what is a waste product of the respiratory process?
carbon dioxide
What happens to carbon dioxide after the respiratory process?
it is taken up from the tissues into the blood and transported back to the lungs to be exhaled back into the environment
what are the 6 organs of the respiratory system?
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
What is the upper respiratory tract composed of?
-organs in the head and neck
-nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
What is the lower respiratory tract composed of?
-organs of the thorax
-trachea through lungs
what is the conducting division?
all cavities and structures (nostrils to bronchioles) that allow for air into and from the alveoli
What is the respiratory division?
gas exchanging surfaces at the level of the alveoli
What are the functions of the nose?
-to warms cleanse and humidify inhaled air
-to detect odors (through olfactory receptors)
-as a resonating chamber that amplifies voice
Where are olfactory receptors located?
cribriform plate
What are the structures of the nose?
-superior half
-inferior half
-ala nasi
What does the superior half of the nose contain?
nasal bones
What does the inferior half of the nose contain?
lateral and alar cartilage
What does the ala nasi portion of the nose contain?
flared portion shaped by dense connective tissue that forms the lateral wall of each nostril
What does the nasal conducting zone begin with and consist of?
Begins in the nasal cavity and consists of the nasal conchae and nasal meatus
How many folds of tissue are on the lateral wall of the nasal fossa?
3
what do the tissue folds on the lateral wall of the nasal fossa do?
help to increase the surface area for the incoming air
What are the folds in the nasal fossa lined with?
mucous membranes
What do the mucous membranes in the nasal fossa do?
help sense the odors and trap air particles/pathogens
Where is the olfactory mucosa?
roof of nasal fossa
what does the olfactory mucosa do?
its mucous helps dissolve gaseous odors for binding onto the chemosensory olfactory neurons
where is the respiratory mucosa?
lines the rest of the nasal cavity
What epithelium is the respiratory mucosa?
ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
what is the nasal meatus?
narrow air passages beneath each concha
What does the nasal meatus do?
ensure that air comes into contact with mucous membranes
Where does air go after the nasal cavity?
pharynx
What is another name for the pharynx?
throat
What are the three areas of the pharynx?
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Where is the Nasopahrynx?
transition between nasal cavity and the pharynx