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Bio Lab > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the endocrine systems primary means of travel?

A

the blood

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2
Q

How does the endocrine system regulate other organ systems?

A

by maintaining homeostasis

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3
Q

What type of response system is the endocrine system?

A

slow response system

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4
Q

what are the two liquid tissues of the body?

A

blood and cerebrospinal fluid

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5
Q

what two systems does blood link?

A

endocrine and cardiovascular system

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6
Q

What other system does the endocrine system work with?

A

nervous system

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7
Q

How do the endocrine and nervous system differ?

A

The endocrine system brings about its effects via the secretion of hormones into the blood stream and the nervous system uses action potentials and release neurotransmitters

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8
Q

hormones

A

middle managers

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9
Q

endocrine glands

A

bosses

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10
Q

other cells

A

workers

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11
Q

What endocrine glands secrete hormones as their primary function?

A

hypothalamus, pituitary glands, pineal glands, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes

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12
Q

What organs secrete hormones as their secondary function?

A

heart, adipose tissues, kidneys, and the stomach

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13
Q

what is known as the neuroendocrine organ?

A

the hypothalamus

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14
Q

what can the hypothalamus be likened to?

A

endocrine system chief executor

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15
Q

The hypothalamus works close with?

A

the pituitary gland

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16
Q

What is the pituitary gland attached to?

A

infundibulum

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17
Q

What are the two seperate structures of the pituitary gland?

A

anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) and posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)

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18
Q

What are the posterior pituitary/neuropypophysis composed of?

A

nervous tissue instead of glandular tissue

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19
Q

What two types of hormones does the hypothalamus produce?

A

inhibiting and releasing hormones

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20
Q

What do the hormones the hypothalamus produce stimulate?

A

secretion from the anterior pituitary gland

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21
Q

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

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22
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

triggers uterine contraction and milk ejection from the mammary gland

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23
Q

What does antidiuretic hormone do?

A

causes water retention from the kidneys

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24
Q

What type of hormones does the anterior pituitary gland mostly produce?

A

tropic hormones

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25
Q

Examples of tropic hormones (anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis)

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

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26
Q

What does thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) do?

A

stimulates growth of and secretion from the thyroid

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27
Q

what does prolactin do?

A

stimulates milk production from mammary glands

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28
Q

What does adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do?

A

stimulates secretion from the adrenal cortex

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29
Q

What are the two reproductive hormones?

A

luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone which primarily affect the testes and ovaries

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30
Q

What does growth hormone do?

A

increases rate of cell division and protein synthesis in all tissues and has both tropic and nontropic affects

31
Q

What does the posterior pituitary gland store?

A

ADH and oxytocin

32
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete?

A

melatonin

33
Q

What is the thin band called that connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland?

A

isthmus

34
Q

What is the isthmus composed of?

A

hollow spheres called thyroid follicles

35
Q

What are the cells called that line the thyroid follicles?

A

follicle cells

36
Q

what do follicle cells suround?

A

colloid

37
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

38
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

39
Q

What is located between follicles and what does it produce?

A

parafollicualr cells that produce calcitonin

40
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

plays a role in calcium ion homeostasis

41
Q

What does parathyroid hormone do?

A

main hormone in the body that maintains calcium ion homeostasis

42
Q

What is the difference between calcitonin and parathyroid hormone?

A

Calcitonin is secreted when calcium ion levels in the blood rise; parathyroid hormone is secreted when there is a decreased level of calcium ions in the blood

43
Q

What do thymosin and thymopoietin do?

A

stimulate the development of T lymphocytes

44
Q

What two seperate structures make up the adrenal gland?

A

Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

45
Q

What type of hormones does the adrenal cortex produce?

A

steroid hormones

46
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?

A

mineralocorticoids

47
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

regulate fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis

48
Q

What does the zona fasciculata secrete?

A

glucocorticoids

49
Q

What does cortisol (glucocorticoids) do?

A

regulates the stress response, blood glucose, fluid homeostasis and inflammation

50
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines)

51
Q

What carries out the pancreas’s exocrine functions?

A

pancreatic acini

52
Q

What carries out the pancreas’s endocrine functions?

A

pancreatic islets

53
Q

What do the pancreatic islets secrete?

A

insulin and glucagon

54
Q

what produces insulin?

A

beta cells of pancreas

55
Q

What does insulin do?

A

lowers blood glucose levels

56
Q

What produces glucagon?

A

alpha cells of pancreas

57
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

raises blood glucose levels

58
Q

What produces testosterone?

A

The interstitial cells of the testes

59
Q

What does testosterone do?

A

promotes the production of sperm and the development of msle secondary sex characteristics (deeper voice, greater bone, muscle mass, and facial hair)

60
Q

What does estrogen do?

A

plays a role in the development of oocytes (female gametes) and female secondary sex characteristics (breasts and subcutaneous fat stores)

61
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

number of effects that prepares the body for pregnancy

62
Q

Characteristics of the nervous system functions

A

directly effect target cells, immediate but short in duration

63
Q

Characteristics of endocrine system functions

A

act on distant targets, not immediate, longer lasting

64
Q

How do hormones regulate the process of other cells?

A

production of enzymes or other hormones, changing the metabolic rate of a cell, altering permeability of the plasma membrane

65
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

inferior part of diencephalon

66
Q

What is the anterior pituitary gland composed of?

A

glandular epithelium

67
Q

Explain how the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system works

A

releasing and inhibiting hormones are synthesized by hypothalamic neurons after they travel through small veins in the infundibulum, enter a second capillary bed in anterior pituitary where they exit the blood and interact with anterior pituitary cells to influence their functions

68
Q

What hormones does the hypothalamus make?

A

made in hypothalamic neurons, oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

69
Q

Characteristics of colloid

A

gelatinous, iodine rich

70
Q

What does the thryoid produce?

A

thyroxine, triiodothyronine

71
Q

Antagonist hormones

A

calcitonin and PTH
insulin and glucagon

72
Q

Examples of mineralcorticoids

A

aldosterone

73
Q

example of glucocorticoids

A

cortisol

74
Q

What does the zona reticularis secrete?

A

gonadocorticoids

Bio Lab (9 decks)

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