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Anatomy > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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2
Q

what 2 bones articulate with the manubrium?

A

clavicles & 1st pair of ribs

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3
Q

what attaches to the body of the sternum ?

A

costal cartilages of ribs 3-6

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4
Q

what attaches to the xiphisternum ?

A

part of the costal cartilage of the 7th ribs

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5
Q

where would you find the sternal angle of Louis?

A

Where the manubrium joins the body of the sternum

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6
Q

Which rib articulates with the sternum at the sternal angle

A

2nd

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7
Q

Which two dermatomes meet at the sternal angle?

A

C4 & T2

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8
Q

what three important structure lie immediately underneath the sternal angle?

A

the bifurcation of the trachea
the start and end of the arch of aorta
the border between the superior and inferior mediastinum

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9
Q

Which ribs articulate with the sternum directly

A

1-7 ‘true ribs’

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10
Q

Which ribs are false ribs (have cartilages on their anterior ends that are joined to cartilage of the rub superior to them (indirect connection to the sternum)

A

8-10

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11
Q

which ribs are floating ribs?

A

11 & 12

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12
Q

what three joints are associated with the ribs ?

A

sternocostal joints - between costal cartilages & the sternum. (mainly synovial joints apart form the first rib (primary cartilaginous joint)

Costochondral joints - between costal cartilages and the ribs (primary cartilaginous)

Vertebral joints - the rib articulates with the vertebra at two points. The head of the rib articulates with the articulating facets of the bodies of 2 vertebrae (its own & the one above) (costovertebral joints) the tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse process of its own vertebrae (costotransverse joint)

Both vertebral joints are synovial joints

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13
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?

A

posteriorly by T1 vertebra
Laterally by 1st pair of ribs & their costal cartilages
Anteriorly by the superior border of the manubrium

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14
Q

What structures former the circumferential border of the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

Posteriorly by T12
Postolaterally by 11th and 12th pairs of ribs
anteriorly by xiphisternal joint
anterolaterally by joined costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 forming the costal margin

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15
Q

Name 4 key structures passing through the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

IVC, oesophagus, abdominal aorta, thoracic duct

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16
Q

What are the four posterior axioappenidicular muscles ? (muscles of the back)

A

Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Rhomboid major & minor, erector spine

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17
Q

what are the four anterior axioappendiculae muscles and there functions?

A

Pectoralis Major: adducts & medially rotates upper limb & draws scapula anteroinferiorly

Pectoralis minor: stabilises scapula by drawing it anteroinferiorly against thoracic wall

Serratus anterior: rotates scapula allowing the arm to be raised over 90degrees against rib cage

Sternocleidomastoid: flexes neck. Works with scalene muscles in neck during forces inspiration to raise sternum. (accessory muscle in inspiration)

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18
Q

what are the three layers of intercostal muscles and what direction does each layer run?

A

superficial (external intercostal muscles) - infer-anteriorly

middle (internal intercostal) - inferoposteriorly

deep (innermost intercostal muscle) - obliquely backwards & forward from sternum to angle of rib inferoposteriorly

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19
Q

In what anatomical feature of the rib does the Intercostal nerovascular bundle lie?

A

costal groove

20
Q

between which 2 muscle layers does the intercostal neurovascular bundle lie ?

A

internal intercostal & innermost intercostal muscles

21
Q

What is the order of the contents of the neurvascular bundle ?

A

superior/inferior - vein, artery, nerve

22
Q

posterior intercostal arteries are branches of which larger arteries ?

A

Thoracic aorta

23
Q

anterior intercostal arteries are branches of which larger arteries ?

A

internal thoracic arteries, muscalophrenic arteries

24
Q

what vein do the anterior intercostal veins drain into ?

A

internal thoracic vein

25
Q

what veins do the posterior intercostal veins drain to on the left and right ?

A

Left: hemiazygous & accessory hemiazygous

Right: azygous vein

26
Q

where foes the internal thoracic vein drain to ?

A

axillary vein

27
Q

what type of muscle is the diaphragm ?

A

skeletal muscle,

28
Q

is the diaphragm innervated by somatic or autonomic nerves?

A

autonomic- phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

29
Q

what are the attachments of the diaphragm ?

A

lumbar vertebrae & arcuate ligamanets, costal cartilages of 7-10, diploid process of sternum

30
Q

what are the 3 main openings in the diaphragm and at what vertebrae level?

A 
IVC T8 (caval hiatus)
Oesophagus T10 (oesophageal hiatus)
Aorta T12 (aortic hiatus)
31
Q

what organ lies on the superior part of the central tendon of the diaphragm ?

A

Heart (pericardium)

32
Q

what organ lies inferior to the right dome of the diaphragm ?

A

liver

33
Q

what organs lie beneath the left dome of the diaphragm

A

stomach & spleen

34
Q

Define the borders of the breast

A

Lateral: Latissimus dorsi muscle
Medial: sternum
superior: 2nd rib
inferior: inframammary ridge

35
Q

which two veins drain the breast ?

A

axillary vein & internal thoracic vein

36
Q

where does the lymphatic fluid of the breast drain to?

A

75% to axillary lymph nodes

25% to parasternal nodes & abdominal nodes

37
Q

what regions of the body is the respiratory tract present in ?

A

Head, neck & thorax

38
Q

what parts constitute the URT

A

nose, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx

39
Q

what part constitute the LRT

A

trachea, bronchus, secondary and tertiary bronchus, bronchi and alveoli

40
Q

what landmark marks the point at which the trachea bifurcates into two bronchi ?

A

sternal angle

41
Q

does the trachea lie anterior or posterior to the oesophagus

A

anterior

42
Q

which vessels leave an impression on the right lung

A

SVC, azygous, R BCV

43
Q

how does the right hilum of the lung differ from the left

A

The right primary bronchus runs more laterally as passes the hilum. L main bronchus passes inferolaterally to reach hilum

44
Q

what parasympathetic nerve supplies the lungs

A

vagus nerve

45
Q

which layer of pleura is innervated by autonomic fibres

A

visceral

46
Q

which layer of pleura is innervated by somatic intercostal nerves & phrenic nerves

A

parietal

47
Q

which layer of pleura is sensitive to pain

A

parietal

Anatomy (10 decks)

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