Bones And Joints

Question 1

What is the name given to the study of the period of development from conception to birth

Answer 1

Embryology

Question 2

In the anatomical position which position should the feet point

Answer 2

Together, toes pointing anteriorly

Question 3

If a section of the body passed through the right and left ears, the right and left hips and right and left ankles in which plane of the body would this section lie

Answer 3

Frontal (coronal)

Question 4

In which vanity of the body do each of the following organs lie, heart, brain, uterus

Answer 4

Thoracic Cranial Pelvic

Question 5

Describe the position of the tip of your nose to your left eye

Answer 5

Inferior, medial, anterior

Question 6

Which of the following imaging methods would best show the presence of fat in the living body X-ray, CT, MRI

Answer 6

MRI

Question 7

What is the name given to the proximal end of the humerus that articulates with the glen kid cavity of the shoulder joint

Answer 7

Head

Question 8

Which part of the vertebral is primary responsible for weight bearing

Answer 8

Body

Question 9

Bones contain many small holes, give two structures which in life could be found passing though see small holes

Answer 9

Nerves, small arteries/capillaries

Question 10

What type of joint is Elbow Joint between C1 and C2 Hip joint

Answer 10

Elbow - hinge C1-C2 - pivot Hip - ball and socket

Question 11

Name the 5 types of bones give example of each

Answer 11

Long bone - femur Short bone - cuboidal bones in ankle eg tarsal Flat bones - cranium of skull Irregular bones - vertebrae mandible Sesamoid bones - develop within tendons eg Petella

Question 12

What two different ways can can bone ossify

Answer 12

All bones are derived from mesenchyme (embyronic CT) by 2 processes:

Intramembranous (flat bones of skull, clavicle bones)

All other bones in the body develop by endochondral ossification

Question 13

Name the six types of synovial joint, provide examples

Answer 13

Pivot - Atlantic-axial joint Ball and socket - hip Plane - acromioclavicular Hinge - elbow Saddle - carpometacarpal Condyloid - metacarpophalangeal

Question 14

Which synovial joint is most mobile and which is least mobile

Answer 14

Most mobile - ball and socket Least mobile - plane

Question 15

Of the three major classifications of joints (fibrous cartilaginous, synovial) what is most mobile

Answer 15

Synovial > cartilaginous > fibrous

Question 16

What are the three main joint classifications what range of movement does each joint permit

Answer 16

Fibrous - no movement eg sutures

Cartilaginous - very little movement eg IVD joints pubic symphisis

Synovial - abduction adduction, extension, flexion

Question 17

What two types of bone tissues occur within one bind and where are they found within a bone

Answer 17

Spongy bone - network of Tracey lateral lighter, flexible compared to compact bone. Highly vascularized contains red bone marrow Cortical compact bone - hard outer layer, dense strong, durable.

Question 18

Where is the marrow/ medullary cavity found

Answer 18

The medullary cavity is the central cavity of bone shafts where red and or yellow bone marrow is stored Located in the main shaft of long bones

Question 19

What is the epiphyseal growth plate and where is it located

Answer 19

Epiphyseal plates intervene between the diaphysis and the epiphysis and is located at each end of a long bone.

For bone growth to continue the bone from the primary centre doesnt fuse with the bone formes from the 2nd centre in the epiphysis. during growth of a long bone epiphyseal plates intervene. Growt plates are eventually replaced by bon e & bone growth ceases & diaphysis and epiphysis fuse.

the seam formed is dense - epiphysial line

Question 20

What are the five types of bones, give an example of each

Answer 20

Long - femur

Short - cuboidal boones in ankle eg tarsal

Irregular - vertebrae

Flat - cranium

Sesamoid - patella

Question 21

What are the main bone features

Answer 21

condyle - (articular facet) smooth end of a bone that articulates in a joint with the condyle of adjoining bone

Epicondyle - protruding are superior to the condyle for attatchment of ligaments & muscles that act on the joint

Fossa: shallow depression (acceptd bony projection of other bone at a joint)

Process: any projection or bump

Foramen - rounded aperture for vessles and nerves

crest - ridge of bone (iliac crest)

facet- smooth flat area

Process - projecting spine-like part

Spine - thorn-like process

Tubercle - protrusion

Trochanter - large blunt elevation