Bones And Joints Flashcards
What is the name given to the study of the period of development from conception to birth
Embryology
In the anatomical position which position should the feet point
Together, toes pointing anteriorly
If a section of the body passed through the right and left ears, the right and left hips and right and left ankles in which plane of the body would this section lie
Frontal (coronal)
In which vanity of the body do each of the following organs lie, heart, brain, uterus
Thoracic Cranial Pelvic
Describe the position of the tip of your nose to your left eye
Inferior, medial, anterior
Which of the following imaging methods would best show the presence of fat in the living body X-ray, CT, MRI
MRI
What is the name given to the proximal end of the humerus that articulates with the glen kid cavity of the shoulder joint
Head
Which part of the vertebral is primary responsible for weight bearing
Body
Bones contain many small holes, give two structures which in life could be found passing though see small holes
Nerves, small arteries/capillaries
What type of joint is Elbow Joint between C1 and C2 Hip joint
Elbow - hinge C1-C2 - pivot Hip - ball and socket
Name the 5 types of bones give example of each
Long bone - femur Short bone - cuboidal bones in ankle eg tarsal Flat bones - cranium of skull Irregular bones - vertebrae mandible Sesamoid bones - develop within tendons eg Petella
What two different ways can can bone ossify
All bones are derived from mesenchyme (embyronic CT) by 2 processes:
Intramembranous (flat bones of skull, clavicle bones)
All other bones in the body develop by endochondral ossification
Name the six types of synovial joint, provide examples
Pivot - Atlantic-axial joint Ball and socket - hip Plane - acromioclavicular Hinge - elbow Saddle - carpometacarpal Condyloid - metacarpophalangeal
Which synovial joint is most mobile and which is least mobile
Most mobile - ball and socket Least mobile - plane
Of the three major classifications of joints (fibrous cartilaginous, synovial) what is most mobile
Synovial > cartilaginous > fibrous
What are the three main joint classifications what range of movement does each joint permit
Fibrous - no movement eg sutures
Cartilaginous - very little movement eg IVD joints pubic symphisis
Synovial - abduction adduction, extension, flexion
What two types of bone tissues occur within one bind and where are they found within a bone
Spongy bone - network of Tracey lateral lighter, flexible compared to compact bone. Highly vascularized contains red bone marrow Cortical compact bone - hard outer layer, dense strong, durable.
Where is the marrow/ medullary cavity found
The medullary cavity is the central cavity of bone shafts where red and or yellow bone marrow is stored Located in the main shaft of long bones
What is the epiphyseal growth plate and where is it located
Epiphyseal plates intervene between the diaphysis and the epiphysis and is located at each end of a long bone.
For bone growth to continue the bone from the primary centre doesnt fuse with the bone formes from the 2nd centre in the epiphysis. during growth of a long bone epiphyseal plates intervene. Growt plates are eventually replaced by bon e & bone growth ceases & diaphysis and epiphysis fuse.
the seam formed is dense - epiphysial line
What are the five types of bones, give an example of each
Long - femur
Short - cuboidal boones in ankle eg tarsal
Irregular - vertebrae
Flat - cranium
Sesamoid - patella
What are the main bone features
condyle - (articular facet) smooth end of a bone that articulates in a joint with the condyle of adjoining bone
Epicondyle - protruding are superior to the condyle for attatchment of ligaments & muscles that act on the joint
Fossa: shallow depression (acceptd bony projection of other bone at a joint)
Process: any projection or bump
Foramen - rounded aperture for vessles and nerves
crest - ridge of bone (iliac crest)
facet- smooth flat area
Process - projecting spine-like part
Spine - thorn-like process
Tubercle - protrusion
Trochanter - large blunt elevation
