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Anatomy > Pelvis (general & urinary system) > Flashcards

Pelvis (general & urinary system) Flashcards

1
Q

what parts of the GI system are present in the pelvis ?

A

terminal sigmoid colon, rectum & anal canal

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2
Q

which parts of the urinary system are present in the pelvis?

A

ureters, bladder, urethra

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3
Q

which main arteries and veins are found in the pelvis region ?

A

internal iliac artery, external & internal iliac veins & common iliac vein

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4
Q

what nerve plexuses are found in the pelvis ?

A

sacral plexus L4-S4

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5
Q

which endocrine organs are associated with the pelvic region ?

A

ovary & testes

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6
Q

What are the 3 components that make up the bony pelvis

A

sacrum, coccyx, Os Coaxe (hip bone)

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7
Q

The Os Coxae (hip bone) is made up of three individuals bones which fuse together at puberty what are these bones ?

A

illium, ischium, pubis

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8
Q

which ligaments stabilise & cover the sacroiliac joint ?

A

posterior & anterior sacroiliac ligamanet

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9
Q

The presence of what two ligaments convert the greater and lesser sciatic notches into the greater and lesser sciatic foramen ?

A

sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

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10
Q

what are the main differences between female and male pelvis ?

pubic angle, acetabulum, pelvic inlet, greater sciatic notch, iliac blades

A

pubic angle: F- wide >80 degree M- narrow <70
acetabulum: F- small, M- large
pelvic inlet: F- rounded/oval, M- heart shaped
greater sciatic notch: F-wider ‘v’ shaped M- narrow ‘u’
iliac blades: F- lower, M- illiim is narrower, blade more pronounced s shape

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11
Q

what divides the pelvis into greater (false) pelvis and lesser (true) pelvis ?

A

oblique plane of pelvic inlet

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12
Q

what structures are found in the greater pelvis ?

A

sigmoid colon & some loops of ilium

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13
Q

what structures are found in the true pelvis ?

A

bladder, reproductive organs eg uterus & ovaries

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14
Q

what are the functions of the pelvic floor muscles ?

A

form a sling to support the pelvic, abdominal & thoracic contents

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15
Q

The pelvic floor is composed of tow main bodies of muscle, what are they ?

A

Levator ani, coccygeus

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16
Q

What are the names of the three muscles that form the levator ani ?

A

the pubococcygeus, the iliococcygeus, and the puborectalis.

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17
Q

which spinal nerve innervates elevator ani ?

A

S4

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18
Q

what muscle lines the obturator foramen on the lateral walls of the true pelvis and what is its function?

A

obturator internus, plays no function in the pelvis. it crosses the hip joint and is a lateral rotator of the hip.

The deep fascia covering this muscle provides an attachment for elevator ani via tendinous arch

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19
Q

which pelvic muscle forms the majority of the posterior wall of the true pelvis and exits vis the greater sciatic foramen and what is its function ?

A

Piriformis, it acts on the lower limb and has no function in the pelvis. Important landmark to identify the roots of the sacral plexus, sciatic foramen and sciatic nerve.

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20
Q

what important structure lie immediately deep to the piriformis muscle on the posterior wall ?

A

sacral plexus

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21
Q

At what vertebral level is the rectosigmoid junction ?

A

S3

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22
Q

what muscles maintains the 80 degree angle of the anorectal flexure and how does the alter during defaecation ?

A

puborectailis. when contracted pulls rectum tight & when it relaxes the angle of fecal flow is straighter and allows defaecation.

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23
Q

In terms of venous drainage what is the relevance of the pectinate line ?

A

The pectinate line divides the upper 2/3 and lower 1/3 of the anal canal. Above the line the superior rectal vein draining into the inferior mesenteric vein and subsequently the hepatic portal system. Below the line drains into the middle and inferior rectal veins subsequently to IVC

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24
Q

what nerve innervates the superficial genitalia (perineum) ?

A

pudendal nerve

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25
Q

what foramen does the sciatic nerve leave the pelvis through ?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

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26
Q

what spinal nerves make up the sciatic nerve ?

A

L4-S3

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27
Q

Describe the route taken by the pudendal nerve as it travels from the sacral plexus to the perineum ?

A

leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, crosses the sacrospinous ligament & re-enters pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen & goes through pudendal canal and divides into branches innervating the perineum.

28
Q

Through which foramen does the obtrurator nerve exit the pelvis ?

A

obturator foramen

29
Q

which spinal segments do the pelvic splanchnic nerves originate ?

A

S2-S4

30
Q

outline the action of parasympathetic NS on pelvic viscera

A

contract rectum and bladder - defaecation and urination

prostatic plexus - supply erectile bodies of external genitalia - erection

31
Q

outline the action of sympathetic NS on pelvic viscera

A

inhibit peristaltic contraction of rectum and stimulate contraction of genital organs during orgasm

32
Q

At what vertebral level does the aorta bifurcate into common iliac arteries

A

L4

33
Q

what part of the hindgut, present in the false pelvis receives blood directly from IMA ?

A

sigmoid colon

34
Q

what part of the hindgut present in the true pelvis receives blood from a branch of the IMA and what is the name of this branch >

A

superior part of the rectum

superior rectal artery

35
Q

What artery supplies the testes/ovaries and which major artery does it branch off of?

A

Gonadal artery, branch of abdominal aorta

36
Q

The internal iliac artery divides into two trunks: anterior and posterior, which trunk provides predominately the viscera and which trunk predominantly supples muscles, particularly muscles acting on the hip?

A

viscera: anterior
muscles: posterior

37
Q

through which foramen will the gluteal arteries pass

A

greater sciatic foramen

38
Q

through which Forman foes the obturator artery pass

A

obturator foramen

39
Q

through which Forman does the internal pudendal artery pass

A

greater sciatic foramen

40
Q

what artery supplies the superior rectum, inferior rectum & anal canal, and where does each artery branch from ?

A

superior rectum: superior rectal artery - IMA
inferior rectum: middle rectal artery - internal iliac
anal canal: inferior rectal artery - internal pudendal artery (branch on internal iliac)

41
Q

what structures lies most anteriorly, posteriorly at the hilum of the kidneys ?

A

anteriorly - renal vein

posteriorly - renal pelvis

42
Q

the hilum of the kidney is located at which vertebral level ?

A

L1

43
Q

what endocrine organ is associated with the kidneys ?

A

suprarenal gland

44
Q

describe the perironisation of the kidney

A

retroperitoneal

45
Q

The diameter of the ureters is constricted at three points what are they ?

A

Uretopelvic junction
Pelvic brim
Where the ureter enters the bladder

46
Q

what is the peritonisation of the ureters ?

A

retroperitoneal

47
Q

what is the name of the muscle within the bladder walls

A

detrusor muscle

48
Q

the triangular surface between the openings of the ureters in the bladder is much smoother than the rest of the bladder, what is this area called?

A

Trigone

49
Q

what is the anatomical surface markings of the kidneys

A

posterior, bilateral, 3cm lateral from the median plane, between the T11 and L3

50
Q

Which two regions of the body does the inguinal canal connect

A

Abdominal and perineum

51
Q

The aponeurosis of which abdominal muscle is found along the entire length of the anterior wall of the canal?

A

external oblique

52
Q

Which parts of the intestine are located within the true pelvis

A

Sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal

53
Q

Describe the sub-pubic angle in the female, and compare this to the male pelvis

A

Obtuse in female, acute in male

54
Q

What type of joint is the symphysis pubis

A

Secondary cartilaginous

55
Q

Which nerve(s) pass through the inguinal canal in both males and females? What are the root values

A

Ilioinguinal nerve (L1) and genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2)

56
Q

To which muscles does a linear thickening on the deep fascia overlying the pelvic aspect of the obturator internus muscle give attachment

A

Levator Ani

57
Q

Which spinal nerve supplies levator ani

A

S4

58
Q

Which spinal segments does parasympathetic nerve supply to the pelvic viscera originate from

A

Sacral outflow S2-S4

59
Q

What is the root value of the pudendal nerve

A

S2-S4

60
Q

What is the main function of puborectalis

A

Acts in a similar way to a sphincter on the anorectal junction to prevent defection.

61
Q

Which four muscles lie posterior to the kidney

A

Diaphragm, psoas major, quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis

62
Q

Over which major vascular structure does the ureter cross as it enters the pelvic cavity?

A

External iliac artery, close to bifurcation of the common iliac artery

63
Q

Which nerves supply the internal sphincter of the (male) bladder?

A

Autonomic fibres from the inferior hypogastric plexus

64
Q

Which two ligaments help to form the greater and lesser sciatic notches

A

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

65
Q

Name the three points along the course of the ureter where the diameter is narrowed (and hence likely to be the site of obstruction by ureteric calculi (kidney stones)).

A
  1. Junction of renal pelvis and ureter;

2. As it crosses the pelvic brim to enter the true pelvis; 3. On entering the bladder.

66
Q

Which muscles form levator ani (the pelvic diaphragm)? What are their main functions

A

Right and left levator ani (puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus) and coccygeus muscles. Supports pelvic viscera, resists rise in intrapelvic pressure when abdominal wall muscles contract. Control (prevent) defecation, micturition and parturition.

Anatomy (10 decks)

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