Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

In order of superficial to deep, name the three layers of flat muscles in the abdominal wall

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Trans versus abominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What strap muscle lies anterior to the muscles of the abdominal wall

A

Rectus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What vessels run along the deep surface of the rectus abdominus

A

Superior and inferior epigastric vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do the superior epigastric arteries arise from

A

Internal thoracic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

From which larger artery do the inferior epigastric arteries arise from

A

External iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the three main muscles which form posterior abdominal wall

A

Qaudratus lumborum
Psoas Major
Illiacus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What nerve plexus can be found on the posterior abdominal wall

A

Lumbar plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the two large vessels found in the posterior abdominal wall

A

Right and left common iliac arteries (L5)

Bifurcation at L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the position of the deep and superficial ring of the inguinal canal

A

Deep ring: just superior to the mid point of the inguinal ligament (ASIS-pubic tubercle)

Superficial ring: superior and slightly lateral to the pubic tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What muscle forms the deep and superficial rings ?

A

Deep ring: internal oblique

Superficial ring: external oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long in the inguinal canal?

A

Approx 4cm in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What somatic nerves are found in the inguinal canal?

A

Ilionguinal nerve & genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Main structures found in the premature cord?

A

Testicular artery, cremasteric artery, testicular veins, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, vas deferents (transports sperm from the epididymis to ampulla) lump vessls,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In females what structure is transmitted in the inguinal canal

A

Round ligament of the uterus

Helps anchor the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

State whether the flowing organs are intra or retro peritoneal

Liver, caecum, kidneys, stomach, jejunum, descending colon

A 
Liver -I
Caecum - R
Kidneys - R
Stomach - I
Jejunum - I
Descending colon - R
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the greater and lesser sacs communicate via?

A

Omental (epiploic) foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What structures are found in the hepatoduodenal ligament

A

Portal triad : portal born, hepatic artery, bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At what vertebral level does the IVC, oesophagus and aorta penetrate the diaphragm

A

IVC -T8
Oesophagus -T10
Aorta - T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

At what vertebral level do the renal arteries branch ?

A

L1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the coeliac trunk?

A

Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery
Left epigastric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Para-aortic lymph nodes receive lymph from which organs ?

A

Kidneys, suprarenal glands, testes, ovaries, uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the three types of preaortic lymph nodes?

A

Celiac lymph nodes (foregut organs)
Superior mesenteric lymph nodes (midgut organs)
Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes ( descending colon, sigmoid colon, upper part of rectum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the lymph of the preaortic lymph nodes pass to

A

Cisternia chyli

Dilated sac of the thoracic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the root value of the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which muscle is closely associated with the lumbar plexus and it’s branches ?

A

Psoas Major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which cranial nerve is present in the abdomen?

A

Vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the surface markers of the kidneys?

A

Posterior, bilateral, 3cm lateral from the median plane, between the 11th thoracic spine and the 3rd lumbar spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where does the hilum of the kidneys lie and what 3 structures exit/enter the hilum

A 
Transpyloric plane (L1)
Vessels, nerves & ureter
29
Q

Of the 3 structure of the hilum of the kidney which is most anterior and which is posterior ?

A

Renal vein is most anterior, then renal artery and the ureter is post posterior

30
Q

Where do the suprarenal gland lie in relation to the kidneys ?

A

Superior medial aspects of the kidneys

31
Q

What is the difference between direct and an indirect inguinal hernia

A

Direct: protrudes forward alongside the dermatitis core (medial to inferior epigastric artery)

Indirect: more oblique route, downwards to the scrotum and defends along the spermatic cord
(Lateral to the inferior epigastric artery)

32
Q

Why is inguinal hernia more common in men?

A

Men have a weak spot in abdominal wall where spermatic cord enters the scrotum

33
Q

Which part of the small intestine is foregut and which parts are midgut?

A

Foregut: 1st & 2nd part of the duodenum
Midgut: 3rd & 4th part of the duodenum, jejunum & ileum

34
Q

Describe the peritoneal relationship of the duodenum

A

Initial and terminal parts of duodenum are in the peritonemun, the rest is retroperitoneal

35
Q

What region of the abdomen is the spleen in?

A

Left hypochondriac

36
Q

What lies anterior to the pancreas

A

Stomach (pylorus)

37
Q

How do secretions from the pancreas empty into the duodenum

A

Sphincter of Oddi

38
Q

What are the four lobes of the liver?

A

Right, left, caudate, quadrate

39
Q

Below which surface landmark is the gallbladder located ?

A

Tip of the right 9th rib

40
Q

What is released through the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of vater)

A

Pancreatic juice and bile

41
Q

What landmark identifies the transition from the foregut to the midgut?

A

Above the major duodenal papilla there is a prominent mucosal fold forming a hood

42
Q

Where would you locate McBurney’s point ?

A

Point on the lower right quadrant of the abdomen

Two thirds from the the umbilicus to the ASIS

43
Q

What are the three external features of the colon?

A

Taenia coil:longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle

Haustra: small segmented ouches of bowel separate by haustral folds

Epiplioc appendices: small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat

44
Q

At which point does the midgut become the hindgut?

A

Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

45
Q

At what level does the rectus begin

A

S3

46
Q

What is the vasculature of the rectum

A

Proximal part of the rectum: superior rectal arteries (branch of inferior mesenteric artery)

Distal parts of rectum and the anal canal: middle and inferior rectal arteries arising from internal iliac artery

47
Q

Which branch of the nervous system inner area the internal and external anal sphincters ?

A

Internal : autonomic

External: somatic

48
Q

At what vertebral levels does each of these arteries branch at?
Coeliac trunk
SMA
IMA

A

Coeliac trunk: T12
SMA: L1
IMA: L3

49
Q

What is the lines Alba ? What functions does it form?

A

Midline of aponeurosis formed dram the fascia of the abdominal muscles. Separates the left and right sides of the rectus abdominis

49
Q

Which bones form the posterior abdominal wall

A

Bodies of the lumbar vertebrae posterior costal margin and ilium

50
Q

How would you distinguish the lower thoracic vertebrae from the lumbar vertebrae

A

Thoracic vertebrae will have articular facets on the transverse processes and body for articulation with the ribs

51
Q

What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament

A

Pubic tubercle and ASIS

52
Q

Which nerve supplies the internal oblique muscle on each side

A

Segmental spine nerves from T6-L1

53
Q

What dermatome overlies the inguinal ligament

A

L1

54
Q

What structure forms the floor of the inguinal canal

A

Inguinal ligament

55
Q

Which abdominal region lies superior to the umbilical region

A

Epigastric region

56
Q

What are the lateral branches of the abdominal aorta

A

Gonadal arteries, suprarenal arteries, renal arteries and lumbar arteries

57
Q

At which level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm

A

T10

58
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain

A

Into the left brachiocephallic vein at the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian

59
Q

In a healthy individual what lies within the peritoneal cavity

A

A small amount of serous fluid

60
Q

What is an omentum

A

Double layer of peritoneum

61
Q

What are the anterior branches of the abdominal aorta

A

Coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

62
Q

To which group of lymph nodes for the lymph of the appendix drain

A

Pre-aortic around the toot of the superior mesenteric artery

63
Q

What do the contents of the cistern chyli drain into

A

Thoracic duct

64
Q

Is the duodenum a retroperitoneal organ?

A

The duodenum is almost entirely retroperitoneal apart from the first but

65
Q

What veins unite to form the hepatic portal vein

A

Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

66
Q

Explain the pathway of bile through the biliary tree to the duodenum ?

A

Bile produced by the liver passes into the left and right hepatic ducts. These unite to form the common hepatic duct. This exits the liver and joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct which unites with the pancreatic duct forming the ampulla of vater to enter the duodenum

67
Q

What is the first structure you will encounter upon opening the peritoneum and what is its function

A

Greater omentum

Fat deposition, immune contribution and infection and wound isolation

68
Q

What is the falciform ligament

A

2 folds of peritoneum that go from the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

Anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions