Respiratory System

Question 1

respiratory system functions

Answer 1

responsible for intake of oxygen. in charge of removing carbon dioxide from the body

Question 2

2 sections of the respiratory tract

Answer 2

upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract

Question 3

upper respiratory tract

Answer 3

consist of the nose, nasal cavity, olfactory membranes, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx; Sinuses

Question 4

nasal cavity

Answer 4

Consists of the nose and nasal passageway; Responsible for taking in air; filters and warms air to make it more tolerable to tissues

Question 5

What are olfactory membranes and where are they located?

Answer 5

small organs responsible for our sense of smell. they are located on top of the nasal cavity, just under the bridge of the nose

Question 6

what are the 3 functions that the mouth does not perform as well as the nose?

Answer 6

filtering, moisturizing, and warming of air

Question 7

what are advantages of breathing through the mouth?

Answer 7

larger size and proximity to the lungs

Question 8

pharynx..

Answer 8

also called throat/ smooth muscular structure lined with mucus and divided into three regions

Question 9

what are the three regions of the pharynx?

Answer 9

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 10

nasopharynx

Answer 10

where air comes through the nose and passes through

also where Eustachian tubes from the middle ears connect with the pharynx

Question 11

after air passes through the nasopharynx where does it go?

Answer 11

oropharynx

Question 12

air enters the mouth and goes?

Answer 12

oropharynx and enters the pharynx; same passageway used for transporting food when eating

Question 13

both air and food also pass through the _____

Answer 13

laryngopharynx; where they are diverted into different systems

Question 14

epiglottis is responsible for?

Answer 14

responsible for ensuring that air enters the trachea and food enters they esophagus

Question 15

describe epiglottis

Answer 15

flap made of elastic cartilage; remains open while the body breaths to allow air to enter the trachea. when food or liquid is swallowed it closes over the trachea preventing any material from entering respiratory tract

Question 16

larynx

Answer 16

part of the airway that sits between the pharynx and the trachea

Question 17

what is the larynx also called and why?

Answer 17

voice box because it contains mucus membrane folds (vocal folds) that vibrate when air passes through them to produce sound

Question 18

3 cartilage structures that make it the larynx

Answer 18

epiglottis, thyroid cartilage (Adams apple) and cricoid cartilage (ring shaped structure that keeps larynx open

Question 19

lower respiratory tract consist of….

Answer 19

trachea, bronchi, lungs, and the muscles that help with breathing

Question 20

where does the lower respiratory tract begin?

Answer 20

trachea

Question 21

what is the trachea also known as?

Answer 21

windpipe

Question 22

where is the trachea located?

Answer 22

stretches between the larynx and the bronchi

Question 23

describe the trachea

Answer 23

made of fibrous and elastic tissue, smooth muscle, and about 20 cartilage rings; flexible and follows various neck movements;

Question 24

goblet cells

Answer 24

mucus-producing cells; found in the lining the trachea in the epithelial tissue

Question 25

cilia

Answer 25

cells that have small, hair -like fringes; allow air to pass through the windpipe where it is further filtered by mucus; also help move mucus up airways keeping passage clear

Question 26

what connects to the trachea

Answer 26

bronchi

Question 27

primary bronchi

Answer 27

consisting of many C-shaped cartilage rings, branch into the secondary bronchi

Question 28

branches of the bronchi

Answer 28

primary branches into secondary. two branches extend from the left primary bronchi and 3 branches extend from the right corresponding to the number of lobes in the lungs

Question 29

secondary bronchi

Answer 29

contains less cartilage and have more space between the rings

Question 30

tertiary bronchi

Answer 30

contains less cartilage and have more space between rings. extension of secondary bronchi

Question 31

bronchioles

Answer 31

branch from tertiary bronchi. no cartilage; made of smooth muscle and elastic fiber tissue.

Question 32

terminal bronchioles

Answer 32

where bronchioles end; connects them with alveoli

Question 33

aveoli

Answer 33

where as exchange happens; small cavities located in alveolar sacs and surrounded by capillaries

Question 34

alveolar fluid

Answer 34

coats inner surface of alveoli which keeps it moist, lungs elastic, and thin wall of the alveoli stable

Question 35

lungs...

Answer 35

two spongy organs that contain the bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and blood vessels

Question 36

where are the lungs located?

Answer 36

contained in the rib cage; surrounded by the pleura

Question 37

pleura

Answer 37

double layered membrane consisting of the outer parietal pleura and the inner visceral pleura

Question 38

pleural cavity

Answer 38

hollow space between the layers of the pleura which allows the lungs to expand

Question 39

lobes of the lungs...

Answer 39

``` larger lung (right)-3 lobes smaller lung (left)- 2 lobes ```

Question 40

muscles that play major role in respiration?

Answer 40

diaphragm and the intercostal muscles.

Question 41

diaphragm

Answer 41

structure made of skeletal muscle and is located under the lungs, forming the floor of the thorax

Question 42

intercoastal muscles

Answer 42

located between the ribs

Question 43

internal intercoastal muscles

Answer 43

helps with breathing out (expiration) by depressing the ribs and compressing the thoracic cavity

Question 44

external intercoastal muscles

Answer 44

help with breathing in (inspiration)

Question 45

pulmonary ventialtion

Answer 45

breathing in and out. inhalation and exhalation

Question 46

inhalation (inspiration)

Answer 46

diaphragm contracts and moves a few inches toward the stomach ---making space for lungs to expand---air is pulled into lungs--external intercoastal muscles contract to expand the rib cage and pull more air in lungs--

Question 47

negative pressure

Answer 47

in inhalation when lungs are at a lower pressure than atmosphere; causes air to come into the lungs until the pressure inside the lungs and the atmospheric pressure are the same

Question 48

exhalation (expiration)

Answer 48

diaphragm and the external intercoastal muscles relax; internal intercoastal muscles contract. thoracic cavity becomes smaller and the pressure in the lungs climb higher that the atmospheric pressure which moves air out the lungs

Question 49

shallow breathing...

Answer 49

around 0.5 liters is circulated called tidal volume

Question 50

deep breathing

Answer 50

larger amount is moved; 3-5 liters called vital capacity

Question 51

eupenea

Answer 51

breathing our body does when resting

Question 52

breathing process controlled by what part of brain?

Answer 52

medulla oblongata