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Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory system functions

A

responsible for intake of oxygen. in charge of removing carbon dioxide from the body

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2
Q

2 sections of the respiratory tract

A

upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract

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3
Q

upper respiratory tract

A

consist of the nose, nasal cavity, olfactory membranes, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx; Sinuses

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4
Q

nasal cavity

A

Consists of the nose and nasal passageway; Responsible for taking in air; filters and warms air to make it more tolerable to tissues

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5
Q

What are olfactory membranes and where are they located?

A

small organs responsible for our sense of smell. they are located on top of the nasal cavity, just under the bridge of the nose

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6
Q

what are the 3 functions that the mouth does not perform as well as the nose?

A

filtering, moisturizing, and warming of air

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7
Q

what are advantages of breathing through the mouth?

A

larger size and proximity to the lungs

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8
Q

pharynx..

A

also called throat/ smooth muscular structure lined with mucus and divided into three regions

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9
Q

what are the three regions of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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10
Q

nasopharynx

A

where air comes through the nose and passes through

also where Eustachian tubes from the middle ears connect with the pharynx

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11
Q

after air passes through the nasopharynx where does it go?

A

oropharynx

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12
Q

air enters the mouth and goes?

A

oropharynx and enters the pharynx; same passageway used for transporting food when eating

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13
Q

both air and food also pass through the _____

A

laryngopharynx; where they are diverted into different systems

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14
Q

epiglottis is responsible for?

A

responsible for ensuring that air enters the trachea and food enters they esophagus

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15
Q

describe epiglottis

A

flap made of elastic cartilage; remains open while the body breaths to allow air to enter the trachea. when food or liquid is swallowed it closes over the trachea preventing any material from entering respiratory tract

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16
Q

larynx

A

part of the airway that sits between the pharynx and the trachea

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17
Q

what is the larynx also called and why?

A

voice box because it contains mucus membrane folds (vocal folds) that vibrate when air passes through them to produce sound

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18
Q

3 cartilage structures that make it the larynx

A

epiglottis, thyroid cartilage (Adams apple) and cricoid cartilage (ring shaped structure that keeps larynx open

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19
Q

lower respiratory tract consist of….

A

trachea, bronchi, lungs, and the muscles that help with breathing

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20
Q

where does the lower respiratory tract begin?

A

trachea

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21
Q

what is the trachea also known as?

A

windpipe

22
Q

where is the trachea located?

A

stretches between the larynx and the bronchi

23
Q

describe the trachea

A

made of fibrous and elastic tissue, smooth muscle, and about 20 cartilage rings; flexible and follows various neck movements;

24
Q

goblet cells

A

mucus-producing cells; found in the lining the trachea in the epithelial tissue

25
Q

cilia

A

cells that have small, hair -like fringes; allow air to pass through the windpipe where it is further filtered by mucus; also help move mucus up airways keeping passage clear

26
Q

what connects to the trachea

A

bronchi

27
Q

primary bronchi

A

consisting of many C-shaped cartilage rings, branch into the secondary bronchi

28
Q

branches of the bronchi

A

primary branches into secondary. two branches extend from the left primary bronchi and 3 branches extend from the right corresponding to the number of lobes in the lungs

29
Q

secondary bronchi

A

contains less cartilage and have more space between the rings

30
Q

tertiary bronchi

A

contains less cartilage and have more space between rings. extension of secondary bronchi

31
Q

bronchioles

A

branch from tertiary bronchi. no cartilage; made of smooth muscle and elastic fiber tissue.

32
Q

terminal bronchioles

A

where bronchioles end; connects them with alveoli

33
Q

aveoli

A

where as exchange happens; small cavities located in alveolar sacs and surrounded by capillaries

34
Q

alveolar fluid

A

coats inner surface of alveoli which keeps it moist, lungs elastic, and thin wall of the alveoli stable

35
Q

lungs…

A

two spongy organs that contain the bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and blood vessels

36
Q

where are the lungs located?

A

contained in the rib cage; surrounded by the pleura

37
Q

pleura

A

double layered membrane consisting of the outer parietal pleura and the inner visceral pleura

38
Q

pleural cavity

A

hollow space between the layers of the pleura which allows the lungs to expand

39
Q

lobes of the lungs…

A 
larger lung (right)-3 lobes
smaller lung (left)- 2 lobes
40
Q

muscles that play major role in respiration?

A

diaphragm and the intercostal muscles.

41
Q

diaphragm

A

structure made of skeletal muscle and is located under the lungs, forming the floor of the thorax

42
Q

intercoastal muscles

A

located between the ribs

43
Q

internal intercoastal muscles

A

helps with breathing out (expiration) by depressing the ribs and compressing the thoracic cavity

44
Q

external intercoastal muscles

A

help with breathing in (inspiration)

45
Q

pulmonary ventialtion

A

breathing in and out. inhalation and exhalation

46
Q

inhalation (inspiration)

A

diaphragm contracts and moves a few inches toward the stomach —making space for lungs to expand—air is pulled into lungs–external intercoastal muscles contract to expand the rib cage and pull more air in lungs–

47
Q

negative pressure

A

in inhalation when lungs are at a lower pressure than atmosphere; causes air to come into the lungs until the pressure inside the lungs and the atmospheric pressure are the same

48
Q

exhalation (expiration)

A

diaphragm and the external intercoastal muscles relax; internal intercoastal muscles contract. thoracic cavity becomes smaller and the pressure in the lungs climb higher that the atmospheric pressure which moves air out the lungs

49
Q

shallow breathing…

A

around 0.5 liters is circulated called tidal volume

50
Q

deep breathing

A

larger amount is moved; 3-5 liters called vital capacity

51
Q

eupenea

A

breathing our body does when resting

52
Q

breathing process controlled by what part of brain?

A

medulla oblongata

Anatomy (11 decks)

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