nervous system

Question 1

nervous system consist of…

Answer 1

brain, spinal cord, the nerves, and the sensory organs

Question 2

nervous system is responsible for…

Answer 2

gathering, processing, and reacting to information from both inside and outside the body

Question 3

2 parts of the nervous system?

Answer 3

central nervous system (CNS)

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 4

CNS is made of…and responsible for

Answer 4

brain and spinal cord and is responsible for processing and storing information; as well as deciding on the appropriate action and issuing commands

Question 5

PNS is made of…and responsible for..

Answer 5

sensory organs, nerves and efferent nerves. responsible for gathering information, transporting it to the CNS and then transporting commands from the CNS to the appropriate organ. sensory organs and nerves gather and transport information. efferent nerves transport commands

Question 6

nervous system is mostly made of…

Answer 6

nervous tissue, which has two classes of cells:

neurons and neuralgia

Question 7

neurons are…

Answer 7

nerve cells. can be divided into several distinct parts

Question 8

soma is

Answer 8

the body of the neuron; contains most of the cellular organelles

Question 9

dendrites are…

Answer 9

small, treelike structures that extend from the soma. responsible for carrying information to the soma and sometimes away from it

Question 10

axon..

Answer 10

also extends from the soma. usually 1 per soma. responsible for sending information from the soma, rarely to it.

Question 11

place where two neurons meet, or where they meet other types of cells?

Answer 11

synapses

Question 12

neuroglia

Answer 12

maintenance cells for neurons. surround every neuron to protect and feed them since neurons also never reproduce

Question 13

_____are so specialized that they almost never___

Answer 13

neurons; reproduce

Question 14

neuroglia is also called?

Answer 14

glial cells

Question 15

primary glial cell in PNS?

Answer 15

Schwann cell

Question 16

Schwann cells secrete what?

Answer 16

myelin -that wraps around the neuron and allows much faster transmission of the electrical signal the neuron is sending

Question 17

gaps in the myelin sheath are called ?

Answer 17

nodes of Ranvier

Question 18

both brain and spinal cord are located?

Answer 18

cavities in protective skeletal structures:
brain - cranial cavity of skull
spinal cord - vertebral cavity in spine

Question 19

brain serves…

Answer 19

control system for the nervous system

Question 20

spinal cord carries…

Answer 20

signals and processes some reflexes to stimuli

Question 21

menings

Answer 21

protective covering of the CNS made of three distinct layers

Question 22

first layer of meninges?

Answer 22

dura mater; most durable; made of collagen fibers (rich thick connective tissue) forms space for cerebrospinal fluid around the CNS

Question 23

2 layer of meninges?

Answer 23

arachnoid mater; thin lining on the inner ide of the dura mater; forms many tiny fibers that connect the dura mater with the next layer

Question 24

innermost layer of meninges?

Answer 24

pia mater; separated from arachnoid mater by subarachnoid space; directly covers the surface of the brain and spinal cord and provides sustenance to the nervous tissue through its many blood vessels

Question 25

what fills the subarachnoid space?

Answer 25

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 26

what is cerebrospinal fluid? | and where can it be found?

Answer 26

clear fluid formed from blood plasma; and be found ventricles and central canal

Question 27

CSF is important for brain why?

Answer 27

keeps it from being crushed by its own weight and from shock

Question 28

2 classes that make up nervous tissue for brain?

Answer 28

gray matter and white matter

Question 29

gray matter..

Answer 29

nervous tissue of brain, consists mostly of interneurons that are unmyelinated; where actual processing of signals happen and where connections between neurons are made

Question 30

white matter...

Answer 30

nervous tissue of brain; consists mostly of myelinated neurons; tissue that conducts signals to and from and between the gray matter regions

Question 31

3 parts of the brain?

Answer 31

forebrain (prosencephalon) mid brain (mesencephalon) hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Question 32

forebrain 2 regions?

Answer 32

cerebrum | diencephalon

Question 33

cerebrum location and lobes

Answer 33

outermost and largest part of the brain four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

Question 34

2 hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected by?

Answer 34

bundle of white matter called corpus callosum

Question 35

surface of the cerebrum? | what are grooves and bulges called?

Answer 35

cerebral cortex; made of sulci (grooves) and gyri (bulges)

Question 36

actual processing of the cerebrum happens?

Answer 36

the cerebral cortex

Question 37

cerebral cortex is responsible for?

Answer 37

higher brain functions like thinking and using language

Question 38

diencephalon is formed by?

Answer 38

thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland

Question 39

thalamus composed of?

Answer 39

gray matter masses, routes the sensory signals to the correct parts of the cerebral cortex

Question 40

hypothalamus and pineal gland are both?

Answer 40

endocrine glands

Question 41

midbrain location? | and what is it responsible for?

Answer 41

``` topmost part of brain stem; reflex reactions to visual and auditory info muscle movements reward seeking learning ```

Question 42

hindbrain consist of?

Answer 42

brain stem and cerebellum

Question 43

brain stem includes....

Answer 43

medulla oblongata and the pons

Question 44

medulla oblongata made of

Answer 44

mostly white matter, also contains gray matter that processes involuntary body functions like blood pressure; level of oxygen in blood, reflexes like sneezing

Question 45

pons responsible for?

Answer 45

charge of transporting signals to and form the cerebellum and between the upper regions of the brain, medulla, and spinal cord

Question 46

cerebellum description and role

Answer 46

looks like smaller version of cerebrum; has 2 spheres and is wrinkled. role is control and coordinate complex muscle activities; helps maintain posture and balane

Question 47

nerves from PNS made of ?

Answer 47

bundled axons whose role is to carry signals to and from spinal cord and brain

Question 48

endoneurium ?

Answer 48

single axon covered with layer of connective tissue

Question 49

bundles of endoneurium?

Answer 49

fascicles

Question 50

fascicles covered by sheath of connective tissue?

Answer 50

epineurium that form a whole nerve

Question 51

sheath of connective tissue that covers fascicles?

Answer 51

perineurium

Question 52

5 types of peripheral nerves

Answer 52

1. efferent neurons 2. afferent neurons 3. interneurons 4. spinal nerves 5. cranial nerves

Question 53

efferent neurons function | and also called

Answer 53

aka motor neurons; signal effector cells in muscles and glands to react to stimuli

Question 54

afferent neurons

Answer 54

aka sensory neurons; take info from inside/outside body thru sensory orangs and receptors

Question 55

interneurons

Answer 55

transmit info to CNS

Question 56

spinal nerves. number and groups

Answer 56

``` 31 pairs; carry info to/from spinal cord, neck, arms, legs, and trunk groups: 8 cervical pairs 12 thoracic pairs 5 lumbar pairs 5 sacral pairs 1 coccygeal pair ```

Question 57

PNS 2 parts ?

Answer 57

somatic nervous system SNS | autonomic nervous system ANS

Question 58

sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

Answer 58

controls five senses and voluntary movement of muscles

Question 59

ANS autonomic nervous system

Answer 59

maintains homeostasis and controls functions of internal organs (smooth and cardiac muscles)

Question 60

ANS divided into?

Answer 60

sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 61

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 61

body reaction to extreme stressful situations. | speeds heart rate, dilated pupils, signals adrenal gland to secrete adrenaline

Question 62

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 62

counter acts sympathetic | slows heart rate, signals adrenal to stop secreting adrenal, constricts pupil