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Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the heart walls?

A

Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium

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2
Q

Describe Epicardium…

A

Protective outer most layer of the heart. Composed of connective tissue. secretes fluid

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3
Q

Describe myocardium…

A

Middle layer; contains cardiac muscular tissue. responsible for contraction

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4
Q

Describe Endocardium…

A

Smooth innermost layer. Keeps blood from sticking to the inside of the heart.

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5
Q

Main functions of the heart…

A

Pumps blood low in oxygen to the lungs; once the blood is in the lungs it is oxygenated and returned to the heart. Heart then pumps the oxygenated blood through the whole body.

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6
Q

What are the 2 main body cavities?

A

Dorsal and Ventral

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7
Q

What cavities are found in the Dorsal cavity and what do they hold?

A

Cranial cavity- holds the brain
Spinal cavity- surrounds the spine
Both lined with mennings- 3 layer membrane for protection

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8
Q

What cavities are found in the Ventral cavity and what do they hold?

A

Thoracic cavity- heart and lungs
Abdominal cavity- digestive system and kidneys
pelvic cavity- bladder and reproduction
abdominal and pelvic enclosed in membrane called peritoneum

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9
Q

Heart cavity found in the thoracic cavity:

A

Pericardial cavity which is within the mediastinum

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10
Q

What is the pericardial cavity filled with?

A

Serous fluid produced by the pericardium (lining of the pericardial cavity) keeps heart in place and acts as lubricant for the heart.

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11
Q

What are the chambers of the heart?

A

right and left atria

right and left ventricles

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12
Q

Atria (plural for atrium)

A

smaller than ventricles/thin walls

receive blood from the lungs and the body and pump it to the ventricles

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13
Q

blood vessels

and what is hollow middle part?

A

carry blood from heart throughout the body/vary in size
lumen-hollow part in middle where blood flows
lined with endocardium

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14
Q

Ventricles

A

pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body, so they are larger and have thicker walls than atria

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15
Q

what is the left side of the heart responsible for?

A

pumping blood through the body. has thicker walls than the right half

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16
Q

what is the right side of the heart responsbile for?

A

pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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17
Q

the valves that keep the blood from going back into the atria from the ventricles…

A

atrioventricular valves
left - bicuspid mitral
right- tricuspid

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18
Q

the valves that keep the blood from going back into the ventricles from the arteries

A

semilunar valves
left -aortic valve
right pulmonary valve

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19
Q

the pumping function of the heart is made possible by two groups of cells that set the hearts pace and keep it well-coordinated:

A

sinoatrial and atrioventricular node

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20
Q

what does the sinoatrial node do?

A

set the pace and signals the atria to contract

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21
Q

what does the atrioventricular node do?

A

picks up the signal from the sinoatrial node, and this signal tells the ventricles to contract

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22
Q

what is the largest artery in the body?

A

aorta

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23
Q

what separates cavities?

A

membranes

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24
Q

Define arterioles..

A

narrower arteries that branch off of main arteries and carry blood to the capillaries

25
Q

The lungs get blood through the _______ that comes out of the right ventricle.

A

pulmonary artery

26
Q

functions of the circulatory system (cardiovascular system)

A

circulates nutrients, gases, waste, and other substances throughout the body
includes- blood, heart, blood vessels

27
Q

what are the 2 loops in the circulatory system?

A

pulmonary and systemic loop

28
Q

pulmonary loop functions

A

deoxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the lungs, where gas exchange takes place. newly oxygenated blood then travels back to the heart

29
Q

systemic loop function

A

oxygenated blood is pushed out of the heart and travels through larger blood vessels until it reaches the capillaries, where gas exchange takes place. deoxygenated blood is then carried back to the heart by veins and process starts again

30
Q

aortic arch

A

arching part of the aorta; branches into three arteries

31
Q

what are the 3 arteries the aortic arch branches into?

A

brachiocephalic artery, left common artery, and the left subclavian artery

32
Q

brachiocephalic artery

A

carries blood to the brain and head

divides into the right subclavian artery, which brings the blood to the right arm

33
Q

left common carotid artery

A

carries blood to the brain

34
Q

left subclavian artery

A

carries blood to the left arm

35
Q

descending aorta

A

bends away from he aortic arch and carries blood to the abdomen and lower body; splits and the fourth vertebra into iliac arteries

36
Q

internal and external iliac arteries

A

bring blood to the pelvis and legs

37
Q

veins

A
  • blood vessels that bring the blood from the body back to the heart .
  • do no work under same pressure as the arteries
  • much thinner and not as macular or elastic
38
Q

what do veins use to get blood to the heart?

A

inertia, muscle work, and gravity

39
Q

thin veins that connect to the capillaries are_____

A

venules

40
Q

Name of the veins that belong to the lungs?

where do they enter the heart?

A
  • left and right superior and inferior pulmonary veins

- enter the heart at the left atrium

41
Q

what are the 2 main veins?

A

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

42
Q

veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary veins

43
Q

superior vena cava

A

Drains upper body bring deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart

44
Q

inferior vena cava

A

descends from the right atrium; carries blood from the lumbar veins, gonadal veins, hepatic veins, phrenic veins, and renal veins

45
Q

capillaries

A
  • smallest blood vessels; and he most populous in the body; can be found in almost every tissue
  • connect to arterioles on one end the venules on the other end
  • carry blood very close to the cells and thus enable cells to exchange gases, nutrients, and cellular waste.
46
Q

define blood

A
  • medium for the transport of substances throughout the body.
  • 4 to five liters of blood in body
47
Q

what is blood comprised of?

A

red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

48
Q

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

A

-produced inside the red bone marrow and transport oxygen

49
Q

hemoglobin

A

red pigment found in the red blood cells, and it is rich in iron and proteins; which allows these cells to transport the oxygen

50
Q

the shape of RBC’s

A

biconcave shape, which means they are round and thinner in the middle. this shape gives them a larger surface area, making them more effective

51
Q

white blood cells (leukocytes)

A

immune system components

52
Q

platelets

A
  • also called thrombocytes; circulate in the blood and are vital for blood clotting.
  • cell fragments
53
Q

plasma

A
  • liquid part of blood
  • forms 55% of the total blood volume
  • consist of up to 90% water, as well as proteins, antibodies, and albumins
54
Q

arteries

A

blood vessels that transport the blood away from the heart.
thicker muscular wall; work under more pressure
smaller more muscular; bigger more elastic

55
Q

path of right side of the heart (pulmonary loop)

A

right atrium–tricuspid valve–right ventricle–pulmonary valve–pulmonary artery–lungs–pulmonary veins—>left atrium

56
Q

parth of left side of the heart (systemic loop)

A

left atrium–mitral valve–left ventricle–aortic valve–aorta–body–Vena cava—>right atrium

57
Q

diastole

A

heart chambers relaxed

58
Q

systole

A

heart chambers are contracting

59
Q

blood pressure

A

the strain your arteries feel as your heart moves blood

Anatomy (11 decks)

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