digestive system

Question 1

digestive system

Answer 1

• system of organs in the body that is responsible for the intake and processing of food and the removal of food and waste products
• ensures body has nutrients and energy to function

Question 2

gastrointestinal tact (GI)

Answer 2

• included in digestive system

- consist of organs throught which food passes on its way through body

Question 3

GI tract organs:

Answer 3

1. oral cavity
2. pharynx
3. esophagus
4. stomach
5. small intestines
6. large intestines

Question 4

other organs that have a role in processing food

Answer 4

teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas

Question 5

the digestive system begins with?

Answer 5

oral cavity aka mouth

Question 6

oral cavity aka mouth includes:

Answer 6

teeth- small organs that cut and grind food
tongue- contains taste buds and moves food around the mouth
salivary glands- produce saliva

Question 7

describe teeth

Answer 7

• small organs made of dentin (resembles bone)
• covered in enamel
• very hard each has own blood vessels and nerves located in matter that fills the tooth called pulp

Question 8

describe tongue

Answer 8

located behind teeth

after pushing food to teeth to be cut and grinded moves food to pharynx to swallow

Question 9

salivary glands

Answer 9

located around the mouth
produce saliva
3 pairs of salivary glands
produce lubricates and digest carbhydrates

Question 10

pharynx

Answer 10

tube that enables the passage of food and air further into the body

Question 11

esophagus

Answer 11

begins at pharynx and continues to carry food all the way to stomach

Question 12

sphincters

Answer 12

2 rings of muscle in esophagus

-close at top and the bottom ends of the esophagus when food is not passing through

Question 13

when does heartburn occur?

Answer 13

when the bottom sphincter cannot close entirely and allows the contents of the stomach to enter the esophagus

Question 14

the stomach

Answer 14

round organ located on the left side of the body just beneath the diaphragm

Question 15

Sections of stomach ?

Answer 15

o Cardia- portion that connects to the esophagus
o Fundus- portion superior (above) to the body
o Body – majority of the stomach between the greater and lesser curvature
o Pylorus – end section that empties into smaller intestine; empties through pyloric sphincter

Question 16

Functions of the stomach

Answer 16

Mixing storing food- dissolving and degrading food via secretions- controlling passage of food into the small intestine.

Question 17

small intestine

Answer 17

continues from stomach and takes up most of the space in the abdomen; attached to wall of abdomen; around 22 feet long

Question 18

3 parts of small intestine

Answer 18

• duodenum- part that receives food and chemicals from stomach
• jejunum - continues from duodenum; where most nutrients are absorbed into the blood
• ileum- continues from jejunum; where rest of the nutrients are absorbed

Question 19

villi

Answer 19

small protrusions that increase the surface area available for absorption; made of smaller microvilli

Question 20

liver

Answer 20

• not part of GI tract
• performs vital role for digestion and life itself
• produces BILE- a fluid that aids in the digestion of fats
• bile is carried to gallbladder through bile ducts

Question 21

gallbladder

Answer 21

small muscular pear shaped organ that stores and releases bile

Question 22

largest organ in body next to skin?

Answer 22

liver

Question 23

shape and lobes of the liver/

Answer 23

triangular shaped

• left lobe
• right lobe
• caudate lobe- wraps around inferior vena cava
• quadrate lobe- wraps around gallbladder

Question 24

pancreas

Answer 24

• not part of GI tract
• located below to left of stomach
• secretes both enzymes that digest food and hormones insulin and glucagon which controls blood sugar levels

Question 25

pancreas known as

Answer 25

heterocrine gland; means it contains both endocrine tissue and exocrine tissue

Question 26

endocrine tissue (pancreas)

Answer 26

produces insulin and glucagon that move directly into the blood stream

Question 27

exocrine tissue (pancreas)

Answer 27

produces digestive enzymes that pass into the small intestine

Question 28

enzymes produces by exocrine tissue include:

Answer 28

- pancreatic amylase- breaks down polysaccharides - trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase- breaks down proteins into amino acid subunits - pancreatic lipase-breaks down fat molecules into fatty acids and monoglycerides - ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease- digest nucleic acids

Question 29

large intestine

Answer 29

- continues from the small intestine and loops around it - no digestion; absorbs water and leftover vitamins - carries wastes (feces) to rectum where it is stored until expelled through the anus - also called colon