genitourinary system (urinary)

Question 1

urinary system

Answer 1

excretes water and waste from the body and is crucial for maintaining the body’s electrolyte balance (balance of water and salt in blood)

Question 2

main organs of urinary system?

Answer 2

kidneys, urinary ducts, and bladder

Question 3

kidneys functions

Answer 3

filter the blood, reabsorb needed materials, secrete wastes and excess water in the urine

Question 4

renin

Answer 4

hormone that regulates blood pressure

Question 5

calcitriol

Answer 5

active form of vitamin D

Question 6

3 layers of the kidneys

Answer 6

• renal cortex- outermost layer
• renal medulla- inner layer
• renal pelvis innermost layer

Question 7

nephron…

Answer 7

functional unit of kidney; series of looping tubes that filter electrolytes , metabolic waste, other water-soluble waste molecules from the blood

Question 8

urea

Answer 8

waste; nitrogenous byproduct of protein catabolism, and uric acid

Question 9

uric acid

Answer 9

byproduct of nucleic acid metabolism

Question 10

what makes urine

Answer 10

urea and uric acid are excreted together to make urine

Question 11

filtration begins in a network of capillaries called?

Answer 11

glomerulus

Question 12

glomerulus location and function

Answer 12

The glomerulus is a network of capillaries, located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney. … The glomerulus filters blood and produces the glomerular filtrate.

Question 13

from the collecting ducts , urine passes through the _____and then through____

Answer 13

renal pelvis and then through two long tubes called ureters

Question 14

two ureters drain into ____

Answer 14

urinary bladder

Question 15

urinary bladder holds up to ?

Answer 15

1,000 milliliters of liqud

Question 16

bladder exit is controlled by?

Answer 16

two sphincters, both of which must open for urine to pass

Question 17

internal sphincter

Answer 17

made of involuntary muscle

Question 18

external sphincter

Answer 18

voluntarily controlled

Question 19

in males, external sphincter ?

Answer 19

closes to prevent movement of seminal fluid into the bladder during sexual activity

Question 20

urethra

Answer 20

males- urine exits bladder; goes through penis and also carries semen
females- urine exits bladder; shorter urethra ends just above the vaginal opening

Question 21

kidneys receive blood from the ______

Answer 21

renal arteries; which branch off the aorta

Question 22

blood flows from….

Answer 22

renal arteries into arterioles into the glomerulus where it is filtered

Question 23

glomerular filtrate enters the..

Answer 23

proximal convoluted tubule where water, glucose, ions, and other organic molecules are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream

Question 24

urea and drugs are removed from the blood in the…

Answer 24

distal convoluted tubule. also where pH of blood can be adjusted by secretion of hydrogen ions

Question 25

path of urine..

Answer 25

unabsorbed material flow out from collecting tubules located in the renal medulla to the renal pelvis as urine. it is drained from kidneys through the ureters to urinary bladder where stored until expulsion thru urethra