respiratory system Flashcards
intercostal muscle
muscles between the ribs that control their movement causing inhalation and exhalation
diaphragm
sheet of connective tissue and muscle at the bottom of the thorax
–> change the volume in the thorax for inhalation and exhalation
pleural membranes
stick outside of lungs to inside of chest cavity so lungs follow chest movement
lubricates the lungs to reduce friction
cavity
Hohlraum
Describe what happens to the ribs and diaphragm during inspiration
1) external intercostal muscles contract –> ribs move outwards and upwards
2) diaphragm muscles contract –> diaphragm flattens
–> increased volume in thorax –> decreased pressure in lungs
why are alveolus so useful for gase exchange?
1) large surface area
2) thin walls
3) moist surface
4) good blood supply
5) permeable to gases
why are there ice bears but no ice mice?
ice mice would loose way more heat because of impractical SA:Volume ratio
How does nicotine affect the body?
it affects the brain causing an addiction
it increases the heart rate –> causing strains in the heart
How does the inhalation of carbon monoxide affect the body?
hemoglobin has a higher affinity for CO than for O2
- -> CO irreversibly binds to hemoglobin
- -> less oxygen can be transported
How do chemicals in cigarettes affect the body?
increase the likelihood of blood clotting
emphysema
Disease in which the walls of the alveoli break down, reducing the surface area for gas exchange in the lungs.
damage is permanent
What are the effects of smoking during pregnancy?
- miscarriage
- babies likelier to suffer from respiratory diseases
- reduced birthweight
- increased risk of birth defects
- physical and intellectual growth affected negatively
What are the effects of smoking on the air passages?
normally mucus swept out of lungs by cilia
- -> cilia damaged
- -> mucus build up
