Cell cycle Flashcards
interphase
cell growths and copies DNA
mitotic phase
cell separates DNA in two sets
divides cytoplasm
phases of interphase
G1 - S - G2
G1 phase
cell grows
organelles replicate
S phase
copies genetic material –> but still only one chromsome
G2 Phase
cell grows
DNA checked for errors
energy stores increased
prophase
DNA in condensed form
centrosomes wander to opposite side of cell
nuclear membrane starts to break down
metaphase
chromosomes get lined up by microtubuli
anaphase
centromeres divide –> 4 chromosomes
chromosomes pulled to other side of cell
telophase
nuclear envelope forms around chromosomes
chromosomes unwind
–> DNA return to chromatin form
cytokinesis
cell divides
meiosis
reduction division
alleles
different version of same gene
fertilised egg
zygote
sex cells
gametes
Prophase I in Meiosis
chromatin condenses to chromosomes
nuclear envelope breaks down
spindle microtubules begin to form
homologous chromosomes pair up
paired up homologous chromosomes
bivalents
crossing over
entangling of chromatin as a result of movement through cytoplasm
homologous pair of chromosomes
chromosomes that have the same information on them (same genes) like haircolour
but: alleles can be different like brown or blonde
diploid
referring to set of chromosomes
46 one-chromatid-chromosomes/ two-chromatid-chromosomes
haploid
referring to set of chromosomes
23 one-chromatid-chromosomes/ two-chromatid-chromosomes
Is the repair of cells a role of mitosis?
No, not the actual cell is repaired by mitosis, but tissue is repaired by producing new cells
Does cloning involve fertilization?
no
