digestive system

Question 1

salivary glands

Answer 1

Speicheldrüse, produce saliva containing amylose

Question 2

oesophagus

Answer 2

muscular tube which moves ingested food to the stomach

–> doesn’t rely on gravity

Question 3

pancreas

Answer 3

produces digestive enzymes

Question 4

liver

Answer 4

produces bile

Question 5

gall bladder

Answer 5

stores bile before releasing it into the duodenum

Question 6

duodenum

Answer 6

food mixed with digestive enzymes and bile

Question 7

ileum

Answer 7

digested food absorbed into the blood and lymph

Question 8

colon

Answer 8

water absorbed

Question 9

rectum

Answer 9

faeces stored

Question 10

anus

Answer 10

faeces leaves alimentary canal

Question 11

mouth

Answer 11

mechanical digestion

Question 12

stomach

Answer 12

food mechanically digested
protease enzymes digest chemically
hydrochloric acid kills bacteria & provides pH for proteases

Question 13

peristalsis

Answer 13

contraction of two sets of muscles in the gut

Question 14

Where does most of the chemical digestion of food occur?

Answer 14

small intestine

Question 15

Does the rectum absorb water?

Answer 15

Yes (still part of colon)

Question 16

caecum

Answer 16

Blinddarm

Question 17

What are the main functions of the liver?

Answer 17

• breaks down hormones
• removes glucose from the blood through hormone insulin
• synthesise cholesterol (–> stability of cell membranes)
• bile production
• detoxification
• storage of vitamins
• fat metabolism
• breakdown of hemoglobin (Kuppfer cells)

Question 18

What are sinusoids?

Answer 18

special capillaries in the liver –> combines bile duct, oxygen-rich blood from hepatic artery with nutrient-rich blood from portal vein (comes from intestine)