Respiratory System

Question 1

List 3 different types of respiration

Answer 1

External
Internal
Cellular

Question 2

What is External respiration?

Answer 2

Gas exchange on inhale, between lungs & blood

Question 3

What is Internal respiration?

Answer 3

Exchange of gas between blood & tissue cells

Question 4

What is Cellular respiration?

Answer 4

Two types -Aerobic & Anaerobic.

Occurs inside the cell in a process by which ATP is created.

Question 5

Functions of the Respiratory system

Answer 5

Gas exchange - O2+ CO2

Warming/cooling/moistening of air

Removal of inhaled particles

Voice production

Olfactory

Balancing pressure

Question 6

How are unwanted particles removed from the Trachea

Answer 6

The Mucocillary escalator

Question 7

List organs/parts of the system

Answer 7

Nasal cavity
Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 8

Nasal cavity functions

Answer 8

Capture foreign particles
warm/cool/moisten air
sneezing reflex
smell

Question 9

Pharynx sections

Answer 9

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 10

Pharynx functions

Answer 10

Connects to the inner ear
passageway air & food
humidifying
immune defence - tonsils
resonance

Question 11

functions Larynx

Answer 11

protects epiglottis
joins to trachea
holds / protects voice box

Question 12

Steps of coughing reflex

Answer 12

1. Irritation
2. Inspiration
3. Compression (of the throat)
4. Expulsion

Question 13

How many lobes in Left Lung

Answer 13

2

Question 14

How is gas exchange maximised

Answer 14

1. Large surface area (huge number of alveoli)
2. single layer wall of alveoli & capillaries
3. surfaces are moist which assists gas exchange
4. Pulmonary surfactant reduces surface tension and keeps alveoli from collaping

Question 15

Alveolar Cells

Answer 15

1. Type 1
2. Type 2
3. Macrophages

Question 16

Type 1 cell function

Answer 16

simple cell creating wall - 90%

Very thin to support gas exchange

Question 17

Type 2 cell function

Answer 17

Secretes fluid which includes Pulmonary Surfactant

Question 18

Pulmonary Surfactant function

Answer 18

Reduces alveoli surface tension, prevent alveolar collapse.

It does this through by having a hydrophobic lipid tail and phosphate head, hydrophilic head.

Question 19

Macrophages

Answer 19

engulf and destroy microbes entering the alveoli

Question 20

Primary muscles for inhalation

Answer 20

Diaphram

Intercostal muscles

Question 21

Accessory muscles for inhalation

Answer 21

neck and chest. ie trapezius, sternocleidomastoid

Question 22

Gases in inspired air

Answer 22

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21 %
CO2 0.04%

Question 23

Gases in Expired air

Answer 23

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 16%
CO2 4%

Question 24

Blood PH is regulated by

Answer 24

1. Buffer Systems ie. Bicarbonate buffer reaction
2. Increase exhalation
3. Kidneys Excrete Hydrogen ions

Question 25

What is the Bicarbonate Buffer Reaction?

Answer 25

CO2 in tissue diffuses down concerntration gradient into H20 rich blood.

Creating Carbonic Acid H2C03 (unstable & highly acidic)

Changes to Bicarbonate (HC03) - which are alkaline
&
Hydrogen Ions (H+) - which is acidic and is to be excreted.

Question 26

Bicarbonate Buffer Reaction :

Answer 26

CO2 + H20 = H2CO3 = HCo3 + H3

Question 27

Types of cell respiration

Answer 27

Aerobic respiration

Anaerobic respiration

Question 28

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 28

No oxygen
Requires Glucose
Yield is 2 ATP
Lactic acid byproduct

Question 29

Aerobic respiration

Answer 29

Requires oxygen + glucose
Yield is 38 ATP
byproducts water & CO2.

Question 30

Part of brain that controls respiration

Answer 30

Brain Stem:

Madula Oblongata + Pons

Question 31

Some causes of acidic blood

Answer 31

Fasting
High levels of CO 2
Exercise