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CNM - Human Sciences > Integumentary & Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Integumentary & Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

integumentary system

A

Skin System

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2
Q

The skin consists of 3 main layers

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous / adipose layer

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3
Q

Epidermis

A

The superficial layer of skin, formed of epithelial tissue

Formed of ‘keratinised epithelium’

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4
Q

Dermis

A

The middle layer of skin, formed of connective tissue

The dermis contains a matrix of collagen and elastic fibres

contains accessory structures such as sweat glands, hairs and sebaceous glands

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5
Q

Subcutaneous / adipose layer

A

An insulating and protective layer of fatty tissue

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6
Q

Epidermis Cells

A

90% of epidermal cells are Keratinocytes
8% of epidermal cells are Melanocytes
2% of epidermal cells are Langerhans cells (immune)

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7
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Keratinised cells in epithelial epidermis - Keratin is a tough fibrous protein that
protects from heat, microbes & chemicals

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8
Q

Melanocytes

A

create Melanin and give skin its pigment - colour

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9
Q

Types of melanin in skin

A

Eumelanin (brown/black) &;

Pheomelanin (reddish/yellow)

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10
Q

Layers of The Epidermis

A

Stratum corneum - 25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes.

Stratum lucidum - Clear layer of cells - only in Thick areas of skin (heels)

Stratum granulosum - ‘Grainy’ cells that are becoming keratinised and slowly cut off from blood supply- dying

Stratum spinosum - new keratinocytes

Stratum basale - Single row dividing to form new keratinocytes.

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11
Q

How long does it take for the epidermis to be replaced

A

40 days

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12
Q

jaundice

A

yellow skin Colour from pathology due to bilirubin

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13
Q

The Dermis

A

The thickest layer in the skin, formed of connective tissue. The dermis contains a matrix of collagen and elastic fibres.

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14
Q

Collagen & Elastic fibres

A

Collagen - strength

Elastic - recoil

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15
Q

Dermis accessory structures

A
  • Arterioles & capillaries (thermoregulation).
  • Lymph vessels & ; sensory nerve endings.
  • Sweat glands (and ducts), hairs & arrector pili muscles, sebaceous glands.
  • Fibroblasts and immune cells – macrophages & mast cells.
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16
Q

What do sweat glands excrete

A

water, urea, sodium, ammonia

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17
Q

purpose pf sweat glands

A

Body heat used to evaporate sweat – help regulate body temperature.

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18
Q

Names of sensory nerve endings in Dermis

A

Meissner’s corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscle
Free nerve ending

19
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle

A

Light pressure nerve ending

20
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

sensitive to deep pressure

21
Q

Small muscles attached to each hair follicle

A

arrector pili

22
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

secrete sebum which keeps hair soft, provides water-proofing for the skin and is anti-microbial

23
Q

Skin Functions

A 
protection
thermoregulation 
Vit D production
Sensation
Absorption
Excretion
24
Q

How does skin Protect

A
  • Physical Barrier
  • Sebum - contains fatty acids which inhibit microbial growth
  • Sweat - contains lysozymes
  • Desquamation
  • Nerve sensors - induce protective reflexes
25
Q

Desquamation ?

A

shedding of skin cells

26
Q

Normal Body Temp

A

36.5 – 37.5°C

27
Q

Temperature control centres

A

hypothalamus & medulla oblongata

brain stem

28
Q

How does skin control body temp

A
  1. Sweat - water evaporates

2. (vasodilatation/vasoconstriction) - blood moves towards skin surface

29
Q

Hypothermia

A

core temperature drops below 35 C

30
Q

Hyperthermia

A

core temperature elevates above 38.5oC

31
Q

How does the skin help Vit D production

A

UV light activates a vitamin D precursor in the skin.

The kidneys convert the precursor to calcitriol.

32
Q

Where is Vit D stored

A

Liver

33
Q

Calcitriol use

A

increase uptake of calcium

and phosphorus from food into blood, thus, ultimately supporting bone density.

34
Q

What is the Active form of Vit D

A

Calcitriol

35
Q

Skin Absorption

A 
Vit A, D, E, K
Some medications,
Essential Oil
02 & CO2
Toxins
36
Q

Superficial Wound healing

A
  1. Basel cells move across the gap until CONTACT INHIBITION occurs.
  2. Epidermal growth factor causes multiplication of the basal cells until space is filled.
37
Q

Deep wound healing

A

Inflammatory phase

Proliferative phase

Remodelling phase

38
Q

Deep wound healing - Inflammatory phase

A

leukocytes to clean up

Blood clot forms

repair the basement membrane

39
Q

Deep wound healing - Proliferative phase

A

Laying of collagen & blood vessels.

Growth & repair of epithelial cells.

40
Q

Keloid Scar

A

Normally raise - takes up larger space than the wound

41
Q

Hypertrophic scar

A

more common. Stays within the boundary of wound.

42
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Most superficial layer of the epidermis.

Flattened dead Keratinised cells.

43
Q

Stratum basale

A

The innermost layer of the epidermis.

Single row dividing to form new keratinocytes.

44
Q

Types of Nerve Ending in Demis

A

Meissner’s corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscle
Free Nerve Endings

CNM - Human Sciences (11 decks)

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