Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CNM - Human Sciences > Cytology > Flashcards

Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

Small in structure

Reproduces identical offspring

No nucleus (DNA floating inside)

No membrane-bound internal cell structures

Seen in simple organisms eg. Bacteria

Has an additional cell wall

Has Pilli hairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

Has Nucleus &

Organelles

Complex structure

Bigger in size

Reproduced through mitosis & miosis (can evolve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mitosis

A

somatic cell reproduction

Double amount of DNA in the mother cell (before the division)

1 division (46 on each side)

2 daughter cells

46 chromosomes

identical reproduction

Purpose: body cell growth & repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Meiosis

A

Used to produce Gametes - Sex Cells

The outcome is to produce daughter cells with slightly different DNA. created genetically unique offsrping.

Process: Copy of cell 2 sets of 46 (each set is different )

1st division creates 2 cells with 46 chromosomes each

2nd division creates 4 unique cells with 23 chromosomes each (ready to pair with another sex cell to reform 46)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Basic Layers of the phospholipid bilayer

A

2 layers (outside + Inner side) of Phosphate heads - hydrophilic

Lipid tails facing inwards - hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hydrophilic

A

water-loving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Basic elements of the phospholipid bilayer

A

2 layers (outside + Inner side) of

Phosphate heads & Lipid tails

Transmembrane proteins (protein doorways)

Sugar & protein Chains -

Transmembrane (fat) - eg. Cholesterol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cell membrane sugar & protein chains role:

A

Act as flags to identify the cell as our own.
Protein chains act as receptors - eg. for hormones
Appear on outer phosphate heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do transmembrane proteins do

A

act as selective doorways letting things in and out of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cholesterol role in the cell membrane

A

strength & reduces permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nucleus

A 
Holds DNA (6 ft)
Hold Nucleolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nucleolus

A

holds RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mRNA purpose

A

mRNA - messenger to carry gene sequence from inside Nucleus DNA (Transcription) to Ribosomes (translation) for protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MItochondria

A

Bean shapes structures

Form ATP (energy) in cells

Requires Glucose and oxygens to produce ATP

fuels metabolic processes within the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ribosomes

A

the smallest structure within the cell

job is to make proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Rough - contains ribosomes that make proteins to go OUTSIDE of the cell.

Smooth - no ribosomes - Produce Lipids & Steroid Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Smoother Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Smooth - no dots. Job is to make lipids & steroid hormones

18
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Post office.

Enzymes package and send off proteins to outside the cell.

19
Q

Lysosomes

A 
Contains enzymes (up to 60).
Job is to break things down within the cell (old organelles, waste material).
Once broken down can be excreted from cell.
20
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Strains of protein found throughout the cell to give ot structure.

21
Q

cytoplasm

A

water material within cell membrane

22
Q

Transcription

A

mRNA takes a copy of section of DNA and takes it outside the nucleus to the Ribosome

23
Q

Translation

A

The process of RNA being made into a protein within the ribosome

24
Q

What is cytosol

A

Basic watery fluid inside a cell.

25
Q

What is Cytoplasm

A

Cell content excludingthe nucleus (includes the cytosol and organelles).

26
Q

What is phospholipid bilayer

A

Cell membrane

27
Q

Phosphate heads are water

A

loving - hydrophilic

28
Q

Lipid tails are water

A

hating - hydrophobic

29
Q

Phospholipid bilayer contains

A

Phosphate heads & lipid tails
Transmembrane proteins

Transmembrane fats - Cholesterol

30
Q

Microtubules

A

Proteins - strong & rigid.

Support structure of cell - scaffolding
maintain shape of cell.

Organelles travel through tubes to move inside the cell.

31
Q

centrioles

A

Helps with Mitosis. Help pull the chromosomes to left and right before cell splits.

32
Q

Types of Passive transport

A

Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion

33
Q

Functions of Transmembrane proteins

A

Transport

Immunological ID

Receptors

34
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

the movement of larger substances from high to low concentration with the aid of transmembrane proteins.

35
Q

Diffusion

A

the movement of small substances from a high to low concentration.

36
Q

High to Low transport is

A

Passive Transport - NO energy

37
Q

Low to High Transport is

A

Active Transport - requires energy

38
Q

Types of Active Transport

A
  1. Pumps eg. Sodium / Potassium Pump
  2. Endocytosis
  3. Exocytosis
39
Q

Endocytosis

A

Engulfing of particles into the cell membrane wall

40
Q

Exocytosis

A

Removal of waste from cell

CNM - Human Sciences (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions