RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

what is respiration

Answer 1

ventilation of lungs
exchange of gases between air and blood and between blood and tissue fluid
use of oxygen in cellular metabolism

Question 2

what is the respiratory system

Answer 2

an organ system that takes in air and expels it from the body, thereby supplying body with oxygen and explain carbon dioxide that it generates
CO2 is equilibrated with H+ ions
determines acidity and controls acidity of body fluids

Question 3

what are the functions of respiratory system

Answer 3

oxygen and co2 exchange
speech
smell
control of ph
regulation of bp
flow of lymph and venous blood
expel abdominal contents

Question 4

gas exhange

Answer 4

o2 and co2 exchanged between blood and air

Question 5

speech

Answer 5

speech and other vocalisations. as well as smell and other useful interactions

Question 6

control of ph

Answer 6

eliminating CO2, therefore helps control pH of body fluids. CO2 reacts with water and releases hydrogen ions; as h+ accumulate body fluids have an abnormally low pH

Question 7

regulation of blood pressure

Answer 7

lungs carry out a step in the synthesis of a vasoconstrictor called angiotensin ii, which helps regulate blood pressure

Question 8

flow of lymph and venous blood

Answer 8

breathing creates pressure gradients between thorax and abdomen that prompt flow of lymph and venous blood(deoxygenated blood)

Question 9

what are the different organs in respiratory system

Answer 9

nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

Question 10

what is the conducting division

Answer 10

it consists of passages that serve only for airflow, essential from the nostrils through the major bronchioles

Question 11

what is the respiratory division

Answer 11

it consists of the alveoli and other distal gas exchange regions

Question 12

what is the upper respiratory tract

Answer 12

the airway from the nose through the larynx is often called the upt (respiratory organs in head and neck)

Question 13

what is the lower respiratory tract

Answer 13

regions from the trachea through the lungs compose the lrt (organs of the thorax)

Question 14

Parts of the nose

Answer 14

nasal cavity
conchae (turbinates)
nasal conchae
olfactory epithelium
mucus

Question 15

nasal cavity

Answer 15

serves as a resonating chamber that amplifies the voice; divided into 2 nasal fossae by the nasal septum

Question 16

conchae (turbinates)

Answer 16

trap finer particles in mucus; warm air; humidify air; large surface area

Question 17

nasal conchae

Answer 17

epithelial; respiratory epithelial (lining)
it has high blood supply and watery mucus glands
between nasal conchae are passages called meatuses, and air travels along. this generates mucus, and causes humidification of inspired air (dependant on climatic conditions)

Question 18

olfactory epithelium

Answer 18

detection of odours (rest of epithelium is respiratory epithelium)
pseudo stratified columnar; cilia don’t move in olfactory epithelium

Question 19

mucus

Answer 19

from goblet cells; traps finer particles and passes to the pharynx to be swallowed

Question 20

parts of the pharynx

Answer 20

nasopharynx
oropharny
laryngopharynx

Question 21

nasopharynx

Answer 21

receives air; receives the Eustachian tubes; traps larger particle sin pharyngeal tonsil;

Question 22

oropharynx

Answer 22

receives food/drink/air

palatine tonsils

Question 23

laryngopharynx

Answer 23

receives food/air

white blood cells traps particualtes

Question 24

Larynx

Answer 24

also known as voice box; consist of 9 cartilages, ligaments and muscles
functions- phonation
swallowing- larynx rises and tongue pushes epiglottis down to seal off larynx’ vestibular folds close
cartilages in next pull up larynx
glottis- valsalva manouevre- speech
hyaline cartilage} thyroid gland, cricoid
it keeps trachea open under severe pressure

Question 25

bronchial tree

Answer 25

small air passages for lungs
main bronchus has 65000 terminal bronchi
segmental bronchus- ventilate bronchopulmoanry unit

Question 26

alveolar cells

Answer 26

squamous alveolar cells- diffusion of gases
great alveolar cells- repair surfactant (phospholipid/ protein that prevents alveolar collapse)
alveolar macrophages- remove foreign matter by phagocytosis

Question 27

pleuare

Answer 27

serous membrane- visceral pleura covers lungs and reflects at the hill to form the parietal pleura
space between these pleurae is called the pleural cavity and is filled with pleural fluid
reduces friction help in ventilation due to low intrapleural pressure; prevent infection between organs by compartmentalisation