Respiratory System

Question 1

Define Respiration

Answer 1

A chemical process that involves releasing energy from food substances.

Question 2

List the parts of the respiration system

Answer 2

Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm

Question 3

How many lobes does each lung have?

Answer 3

Left lung: 2 lobes

Right lung: 3 lobes

Question 4

Define Alveoli

Answer 4

Grape like sacs that have a high surface area with walls that are one cell thick.

Question 5

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 5

The sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity.

Question 6

How do we inhale?

Answer 6

Chest expands and diaphragm contracts which creates a negative pressure. Air rushes in to equalise the pressure.

Question 7

How do we exhale?

Answer 7

The diaphragm relaxes and chest contracts dues to gravity, it is passive.

Question 8

What muscles are used during inspiration when exercising?

Answer 8

Sternocleidomastoid, serratus anterior, scalene and pectoralis minor

Question 9

What muscles are used during expiration when exercising?

Answer 9

Internal intercostals, abdominal muscles

Question 10

What does COPD stand for?

Answer 10

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 11

How much of O2 is carried by being dissolved in blood fluid?

Answer 11

1.5%

Question 12

Is the process of oxygen binding reversible?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

Define partial pressure

Answer 13

The pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture of gases. The more O2 molecules you have within the mixture of gases, the more pressure O2 exerts as a proportion to all the other gases.

Question 14

What is the release of oxygen known as?

Answer 14

Oxygen dissociation

Question 15

What binds to O2 to help it be stored in the muscles?

Answer 15

myoglobin

Question 16

Define VO2 max

Answer 16

The maximum volume of O2 that is available for energy production during exercise per minute. It is the upper limit of your aerobic fitness.

Question 17

What does VO2 max represent?

Answer 17

Blood consumed, transported and utilised.

Question 18

As exercise increases, what else increases?

Answer 18

Breathing increases, Heart rate increases, vasodilation increases and enzyme activity in muscle cells increases.

Question 19

Define breathing rate

Answer 19

The frequency of breaths per minute.

Question 20

What is the maximum pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 20

120 L/min

Question 21

Define Maximum inspiration

Answer 21

A breathe taken in that is the maximum inspiration above the tidal volume.

Question 22

Define Maximum expiration

Answer 22

A breathe breathed out that is the maximum expiration above the Expiratory reserve volume

Question 23

Define residual volume

Answer 23

Anatomical dead space

Question 24

How do you get vital capacity

Answer 24

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume
Can also be done by adding Inspiratory capacity and expiratory reserve volume