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Fundamentals Of Sport And Exercise Science > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Metabolism

A

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

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2
Q

What are the two main processes involved in the metabolism?

A

Anabolism and Catabolism

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3
Q

Define Anabolism

A

Synthesis of more complex molecules genesis pathways. E.g. building and repairing muscle tissue

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4
Q

Define Catabolism

A

A network of chemical reactions breaking down complex molecules into smaller molecules.

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5
Q

How is the metabolism governed?

A

By hormones

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6
Q

How are the chemical reactions mediated?

A

Enzymes

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7
Q

Define Enzymes

A

They are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up

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8
Q

What are enzymes made of?

A

Soluble proteins

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9
Q

How are enzymes shaped to create active sites?

A

The protein molecules are folded into complex shapes

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10
Q

What is the place called where the substrate fits?

A

Active site

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11
Q

Define a substrate

A

The substance on which an enzyme reacts

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12
Q

Define metabolic rate

A

The amount of energy burned at rest

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13
Q

Define basal metabolic rate

A

The amount of energy the body requires to maintain itself

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14
Q

What are the influences on metabolic rate?

A 
The amount of muscle
Age
Environmental temperature
Illness or infection
Chemical Stimulants
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15
Q

How can illness or infection increase the basal metabolic rate?

A

The body has to work harder to build or repair tissue or generate more molecules as an immune response which increases the anabolitic rate which increases the basal metabolic rate.

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16
Q

What does the body use for energy?

A

ATP, adenosine triphosphate

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17
Q

How is the energy released from ATP

A

By breaking the bonds

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18
Q

Is ATP the only molecule used in the body for energy?

A

yes

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19
Q

The bond between which ions are broken?

A

Phosphate ions

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20
Q

When ATP is broken down, what is it turned into?

A

ATP= ADP + Phosphate ion + energy

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21
Q

What enzyme controls the breaking down of ATP?

A

Myosin ATPase

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22
Q

Can ADP be broken down again?

A

Yes

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23
Q

What is ADP broken down into?

A

ADP= AMP + Phosphate ion + Energy

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24
Q

How many Phosphates in Adenosine Triphosphate?

A

three

25
Q

How many Phosphates in Adenosine Diphosphate?

A

two

26
Q

How many Phosphates in Adenosine Monoposphate

A

one

27
Q

How big is the storage of ATP?

A

Small

28
Q

What happens if we run out of ATP?

A

Death

29
Q

Is the reaction of breaking down of ATP reversible?

A

Yes

30
Q

What is the ATP-PC system?

A

The Creatine phosphate system

31
Q

Where is the energy stored in the ATP-PC system?

A

Energy stored in the bonds between the phosphate and carbon atoms

32
Q

Is the ATP-PC system an anaerobic or aerobic reaction?

A

Anaerobic

33
Q

What is the size of the storage of phosphocreatine in the muscles?

A

small

34
Q

How much maximal activity can be powered by the storage of ATP and PC?

A

less than 10 seconds

35
Q

Define anaerobic glycolysis

A

The breaking down of glycogen without oxygen

36
Q

What is glycogen?

A

A substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates. It is a polysaccharide and is stored in the muscles and liver.

37
Q

Which is slower, ATP-PC or anaerobic glycolysis?

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

38
Q

Which releases more energy, Anaerobic glycolysis or ATP-PC?

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

39
Q

What is used is oxygen isn’t present in anaerobic glycolysis?

A

Lactic acid

40
Q

What is lactic acid converted from?

A

Lactate

41
Q

What is lactate converted from?

A

Pyruvate

42
Q

How much maximal activity can be powered by the reaction of anaerobic glycolysis?

A

60-90 seconds

43
Q

Why can’t anaerobic glycolysis power more than 60-90 seconds of maximal activity?

A

The build up of lactic acid inhibits muscle contractions

44
Q

Which is faster, anaerobic or aerobic glycolysis?

A

anaerobic glycolysis

45
Q

What happens to pyruvate during aerobic glycolysis?

A

Broken down for energy

46
Q

Which produces more energy, anaerobic or aerobic glycolysis?

A

Aerobic glycolysis

47
Q

What are fats called stored in muscles?

A

intramuscular triglycerides

48
Q

What are fat storage cells called?

A

Adipose cells

49
Q

What does adipose cells make up?

A

Adipose tissue

50
Q

What does adipose tissue make when broken down??

A

Fatty acids

51
Q

Which system do fatty acids enter?

A

aerobic energy system

52
Q

Can protein produce ATP?

A

yes

53
Q

What is protein broken down into?

A

Amino acids

54
Q

How much energy, in normal conditions, does protein provide?

A

10%

55
Q

Why isn’t protein used as much as a source of energy?

A

Protein is used for building blocks of cellular structures.

56
Q

Define Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell

57
Q

What is Sarcoplasm the site of?

A

Anaerobic respiration

58
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

A

mitochondria

Fundamentals Of Sport And Exercise Science (18 decks)

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