Chronic Physiological Adaptations Flashcards
What is Resistance training?
Using resistance or weight to increase the strength of a muscle or group or muscles.
What is strength?
The amount of force that a muscle or group of muscles can generate.
What are the three different types of muscle fibres?
Type I, Type IIa and Type IIb
What is size principle?
The size of the motor nerve dictates the type of muscle fibres it innervates.
When does Type I fire?
Type I motor units fire at low intensity thresholds therefore fire all the time.
When does Type II fire ?
During more taxing times
How does resistance training make chronic adaptations?
It makes the muscle fibres and neuron act more like the other.
What is another adaptation to strength training?
Change in muscle size Increases synchronisation of motor neurons firing Increased firing rate. Angle of pennation Increased bone mineral density
Define Hypertrophy
Muscles growing in size from cell increase.
What are the two types of hypertrophy?
Non functional (sarcoplasmic) Functional (Myofibrillar)
What are the structural adaptions in muscles to resistance training?
Functional Hypertrophy
Increased myofibrillar protein synthesis
Increased cross sectional area - type II to type I
Type IIb to Type IIa
Define Angle of pennation
The angle of which muscle fibres attach to tendons.
How does the angle of pennation change with strength training?
Muscle fibres become more parallel therefore more velocity of shortening.
A higher angle means more force generated.
Why is there more power with more muscle fibres?
More crossbridges, more sarcomeres in parallel
What does resistance training increase bone density?
Thickens in orientation of loading stress
What are the unwanted chronic adaptations with resistance training?
Thicken left ventricle
Reduction of left ventricle size
Decreased stroke volume
Define Endurance training
The act of exercising to increase endurance usually taxes the aerobic system.
What are the adaptions caused by endurance training?
Increased Left ventricle chamber size.
Increased stroke volume and cardiac output
Decreased heart rate
Increases lung capacity and Oxygen extraction
Increases strength of respiratory muscles
Increased capillary density and blood volume
Increased myglobin density
Increased Mitochondrial size and density
Increased oxidative enzymes
Less lactate production and improved oxygen utilisation
Enhanced respiratory capacity of the muscle fibres
