Energy Substrates Flashcards
What are the macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins
Is carbohydrates part of the organic compounds group?
yes
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
Provide energy for essential functions and for movement. Also acts as a fuel reserve and can be used as building blocks for molecules.
What is the chemical formula for a glucose molecule?
C6 H12 O6
What are the three main groups of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides, diasaccharides and polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides?
A simple sugar made up of 3-7 carbon atoms in a chain or ring.
What is an isomer?
A chemical compound with the same no. of atoms as another compound.
What are disaccharides?
These are two monosaccharides joined together
What are three examples of disaccharides and what are these examples made from?
Sucrose= glucose and fructose Lactose= glucose and galactose Maltose= Glucose and glucose
What is the chemical reaction called that joins to monosaccharides together?
Dehydration synthesis
What is the chemical reaction called that separates a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?
hydrolysis
What are polysaccharide?
These are three or more monosaccharides joined together
Do polysaccharides dissolve in water?
no
What are some examples of polysaccharides?
Starch and glycogen
How is glycogen stored in cells?
As granules
Where is glycogen mainly stored?
Skeletal muscle and liver
What is glycogen broken down into during exercise?
Glucose
What is fat?
A type of lipid
What is the job of fat?
Provide energy
Provide cell wall structure
Provides insulation/protection
Is fat an organic compound?
Yes
Do fats dissolve in water?
no
Do they have long carbon chains?
yes
What are the three main types of fat?
Saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
Where are saturated fats mainly found?
Butter, milk eggs, meat
Define saturated fats
Where all carbon atoms are bonded to the max no. of hydrogen atoms
Define monosaturated
Where not all the possible carbon atoms are bonded to the max no. of hydrogen atoms due to presence of double bond.
How many double bonds does a monounsaturated have?
one
Where are polyunsaturates mainly found?
Cold water fish, nuts, corn oil
Where are monounsaturated fats found?
Avocados, nuts, olive oil
How many double bonds does a polyunsaturated fat have?
more than one
What are the roles of a protein?
Structural Contractile Transportation of other molecules Regulatory hormones Enzymes Energy
Are proteins organic compounds?
Yes
What are proteins made out of?
Amino acids
How many standard amino acids are there?
20
How many acids are non essential?
11
What are non essential amino acids?
Amino acids that can be made up from compounds within our body
How many essential amino acids are there?
9
What are essential amino acids?
Amino acids that can’t be produced from other compounds found in the body.
What are the bonds called between the amino acids?
peptide bonds
What is a dipeptide?
2 amino acids bonded together
What is a tripeptide?
3 amino acids bonded together
What is a polypeptide?
> 10 amino acids bonded together
