Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What does the circulatory system consist of?

Answer 1

Heart, blood, arteries, capillaries, veins, venules

Question 2

What is the role of the heart?

Answer 2

To pump blood around the body

Question 3

What is the heart made of?

Answer 3

Cardiac muscle

Question 4

What is the the anatomy of the heart?

Answer 4

4 Chambers, right atria and ventricle and left atria and ventricle. with valves between the chambers.

Question 5

How long does one heart beat last?

Answer 5

0.8 Second

Question 6

How long does systole last?

Answer 6

0.3 seconds

Question 7

How long does diastole last?

Answer 7

0.5 seconds

Question 8

What happens during systole?

Answer 8

Both ventricles contract, blood ejected from heart.

Question 9

What happens during diastole?

Answer 9

Blood flows from atria into ventricles

Question 10

Define myogenic

Answer 10

Can contract without receiving nervous stimulation from the central nervous system.

Question 11

What are the 4 places called that controls the contractions within the heart?

Answer 11

Sino Atrial node, Atrioventricular node, bundle of his and purkinje fibres

Question 12

Where is the Sino atrial node and what does it do?

Answer 12

Located in the right atrium and sets the pace of heartbeats. It sends nervous impulse to both atria and both atria contract at the same time.

Question 13

Where is the atrioventricular node and what does it do?

Answer 13

Located at the bottom of the right atrium. Delays action potential whilst atria contract.

Question 14

Where is the bundle of His located and what does it do?

Answer 14

The middle of the heart that separates the chambers and this is where the electrical impulses spread down to the ventricles.

Question 15

Where is the Purkinje fibres and what does it do?

Answer 15

At the base of the heart and spreads the impulse across the ventricles.

Question 16

What is the Autonomic Nervous system controlled by?

Answer 16

Medulla

Question 17

Can the Autonomic Nervous System override the Sino atrial node?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

What can the Medulla release to act on the Sino atrial node?

Answer 18

Hormones

Question 19

What does adrenaline do to the heart?

Answer 19

Speeds up heart rate

Question 20

What does acteylcholine do to the heart?

Answer 20

slows heart rate down

Question 21

What is anticipatory rise?

Answer 21

Where the heart speeds up out of the anticipation of exercise.

Question 22

Why does the heart need to speed up during exercise>

Answer 22

To transport and delivery of nutrients. To transport oxygen from lungs to muscles. Also transports glucose, fats and amino acids and removes the lactic acid and carbon dioxide.

Question 23

Muscles produce what at the start of exercise?

Answer 23

CO2 and Lactate

Question 24

What receptor detects the lactate and CO2 in the blood?

Answer 24

Chemoreceptors

Question 25

What happens after the chemoreceptors detect lactate and CO2 in the blood?

Answer 25

The sympathetic nervous system is stimulated.

Question 26

What does the sympathetic nervous system release after it has been stimulated by the medulla and what does this hormone do?

Answer 26

Adrenaline is released to speed up the heart rate so the blood travels around faster so O2 and nutrients is delivered faster and the waste is removed quicker.

Question 27

How do you calculate a person's maximum heart rate?

Answer 27

220- age

Question 28

Define stroke volume

Answer 28

How much blood that is ejected from the heart in one heart beat.

Question 29

Define Cardiac output

Answer 29

The amount of blood ejected from the heart into the aorta per minute

Question 30

How do you calculate cardiac output?

Answer 30

Stroke volume x Heart Rate

Question 31

How do you calculate heart rate?

Answer 31

Heart beat/minutes

Question 32

How do you calculate Stroke volume?

Answer 32

ML ejected/heart beats

Question 33

Why are arteries wide with thick, muscular walls?

Answer 33

To accommodate the volume of blood rushing through at high pressure.

Question 34

What is the job of the smooth muscle surround vessels?

Answer 34

Allows the diameter of the vessel to be controlled and helps regulate blood pressure.

Question 35

Define Vasodialation

Answer 35

Vessel opening wider

Question 36

Define Vasoconstriction

Answer 36

Vessel closing narrower

Question 37

Where do capillaries stretch to?

Answer 37

All over the body

Question 38

Why are capillary walls only one cell thick?

Answer 38

Blood is very low pressure and thin walls allow gaseous exchange and exchange of other molecules.

Question 39

What do capillaries join up to make?

Answer 39

Venules

Question 40

What do venules join up to make?

Answer 40

Veins

Question 41

Why do veins not have muscular walls?

Answer 41

Blood is under low pressure therefore no need

Question 42

Why do veins have one way valves?

Answer 42

Veins at low pressure and harder to get to heart especially from the legs, valves stop blood flowing backwards.

Question 43

What helps the blood get back to the heart from the legs?

Answer 43

The skeletal muscle pump. As the muscles contract the squeeze the blood in the veins.

Question 44

What is blood made of?

Answer 44

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, other elements.

Question 45

What is the job of a red blood cell?

Answer 45

To transport O2 from the lungs to muscles.

Question 46

How is the oxygen transported within the red blood cell?

Answer 46

Binds with haemoglobin to produce oxyhaemoglobin.