Respiratory System Flashcards
Supplies oxygen to the blood while removing carbon dioxide
Respiratory System
As cells use oxygen, they give off _______ ________, a waste product the body must get rid off.
Carbon Dioxide
Organs of the respiratory system include the :
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and their smaller branches, and the lungs, which contain the alveoli or terminal sacs.
Gas exchange with blood happen only in the:
Alveoli
The external visible part of respiratory system
Nose
The olfactory receptors for the sense of smell are located in the:
Mucosa of the superior part of nasal cavity
The three mucosa-covered projections or lobes. It greatly increase the surface area of the mucosa exposed to the air. It also increase the air turbulence in the nasal cavity.
Conchae
Nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity below by a partition.
Palate
Anteriorly, where palate is supported by bone, is the HARD PALATE;
the unsupported posterior part is the SOFT PALATE.
The genetic defect _________ (failure of the bones forming the palate to fuse medically) results in breathing difficulty as well as problems with oral cavity functions such as chewing and speaking.
Cleft palate
The nasal cavity is surrounded by a ring of ________ ________ located in the frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoid, and maxillary bones.
Paranasal sinuses
It lightens the skull, and they act as resonance chambers for speech. They also produce mucus, w/c drains into the nasal cavities.
Sinuses
Which drain tears from the eyes, also empty into the nasal cavities
Nasolacrimal ducts
Cold viruses and various allergens can cause, ________, inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
Rhinitis
It is a muscular passageway about 13cm (5inches) long that vaguely resembles a short length of red garden hose. Commonly called the throat. It serves as common passageway for food and air.
Pharynx
Air enters through:
Nasopharynx➡️oropharynx➡️larngopharynx➡️larynx
Food enters through:
Mouth➡️oropharynx➡️laryngopharynx➡️esophagus
The __________, which drain the middle ear, open into the nasopharynx
Pharyngotympanic tubes
Ear infection such as _____ _______ may follow a sore throat or other types of pharyngeal infection
Otitis Media
Clusters of Lymphatic tissue called ________ are also found in the pharynx.
Tonsils
The pharyngeal tonsil, often called ________, is located high in the nasopharynx
Adenoid
The palatine tonsils are in the _______ at the end of the soft palate
As are the lingual tonsils, which lie at the _________.
Oropharynx
Base of the tongue
If the pharyngeal tonsils becomes inflamed and swollen (as during a bacterial infection), it obstructs the nasopharynx and forces the person to breathe through the mouth.
Tonsillitis
The ______ breathing, air is not properly moistened, warmed, or filtered before reaching the lungs
mouth breathing
The _________ or voicebox, routes air and food into the proper channels and plays a role in speech. Located inferior to the pharynx.
-rigid hyaline cartilage [stiff]
Larynx
The largest of the hyaline cartilages is the shield-shaped__________ _________, which protrudes anteriorly and is commonly called the ________ ________.
Thyroid cartilage
Adams Apple
The guardian of the airways. It protects the superior opening of the larynx.
Epiglottis
The pair of folds which vibrate with expelled air. This ability of the vocal folds to vibrate allows us to speak
Vocal folds or true vocal cords
The vocal folds and the slit like passageway between them are called the _______.
or
The laryngeal opening
glottis
also called the windpipe, extends from larynx to the main bronchi. It is a smooth muscle tube lined with a ciliated mucosa and reinforced with C-shaped cartilaginous rings.
4” tube that connects with larynx -travels to level T5
Lined with ciliated mucosa
🔺pseudostratified columnar cells
▶️when inhaling bad smells (toxins) can cause to destroy cells off, get replaced by stratified… lose cilia, lose mucus when destroyed
Trachea
Because the trachea is the only way air can enter the lungs, _____ _____ is life threatening. Many people have suffocated after choking on a piece of food that suddenly closed off trachea (or the glottis of the larynx)
Tracheal Obstruction
A procedure in which the air in a person’s own lungs is “pop out”, or expel, an obstruction piece of food, has saved many people
Heimlich Maneuver
It is a large organ that occupy the entire thoracic cavity except the most central area, the mediastinum.
LUNGS
The surface of each lung is covered with a visceral serous a called________.
Pulmonary or Visceral pleura
The walls of the thoracic cavity are lined by the ________ pleura.
Parietal pleura
The _______ _____ which includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli, is the only site of gas exchange.
Respiratory Zone
The mainly Elastic connective tissue that allows the lungs to recoil passively as we exhale.
Stroma
Lungs weigh only about _________ and they are soft and spongy.
2 1/2 lbs.
The respiratory membrane is composed of squamous epithelial cells of:
The alveoli
The capillary endothelium
The scant basement membranes between
Oxygen diffuses from the alveolar air into the _____________.
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the pulmonary blood into the ___________.
Pulmonary capillary blood.
Alveolus.
The walls of the alveoli are composed largely of a single, thin layer of _______________.
Squamous Epithelial Cells
The final line of defense for respiratory system is in the alveoli. Remarkably efficient, ________ ______, sometimes called “dust cells”, wander in and out of the alveoli picking up bacteria, carbon particles, and other debris.
Alveolar Macrophages
These cells produce a lipid (fat) molecule called _________, which coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces and is very important in lung function
Surfactant
The major function of the respiratory system is to supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide. To do this, at least four distinct events collectively called respiration, must occur
- Pulmonary Ventilation
- External Respiration
- Respiratory Gas Transport
- Internal Respiration
Air must move into and out of lungs so that the gases in the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs are continuously refreshed. Also called BREATHING.
Pulmonary Ventilation
Gas exchange (oxygen loading and carbon dioxide unloading) between the pulmonary blood and alveoli must take place. Gas exchange are being made between the blood and the body exterior.
External Respiration (Pulmonary Gas Exchange)
Oxygen and carbon dioxide must be transported to and from the lungs and tissue cells of the body via the bloodstream.
Respiratory Gas Transport
At systemic capillaries, gas exchanges must be made between the blood and tissue cells. Gas exchange are occurring between the blood and cells inside the body.
Internal Respiration (Systemic capillary gas exchange)
