Reproductive System Flashcards
What is the function of the interstitial cells in the testes?
Produce testosterone
Where would sperm travel next after moving thru the ductus deferens?
Ejaculatory duct
What cells are the stem cells for spermatogenesis?
Spermatogonia
What is the function of the sperm cells acrosome?
The acrosome contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the protective coats of the oocyte
Which part of the female reproductive tract does fertilization typically occur?
Uterine (Fallopian) tube
What organ produces the female gametes?
Ovary
What event occurs ff the LH surge during female monthly cycle?
Ovulation
Which ovarian phase corresponds with the proliferative phase in the uterus?
Follicular phase
Which of these results from low estrogen levels that occur after menopause?
Hot flashes
What cells in the testis secrete testosterone?
Interstitial cells
What term refers to the lining of the uterus?
Endometrium
What organ delivers nutrients to the developing embryo and produce estrogen and progesterone?
Placenta
What hormone is essential for the development of the male duct system and external genitalia?
Testosterone
Both sexes have the same basic components:
▪️Gonads
▪️Accessory Glands and Organs
▪️Duct System
▪️External Genitalia
It’s a reproductive organ. Produces males gametes (sex cells) and hormones (spermatozoa or sperm)
Gonads
It secretes fluids into (ducts of reproductive system) ejaculatory ducts and urethra
Accessory glands and organs
Transport pathway of gametes
🔅 epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra
Duct System
Interstitial cells in the seminiferous tubules produce androgens such as:
Testosterone
Sperm travels through the ____ ______ to the epididymis
Rete testis
It’s consists of lobules containing seminiferous tubules (80 cm long)
- functions as sperm forming factories
Testes
Path of Sperm:
Epididymis (site of sperm maturation) ➡️ ductus deferens ➡️ ejeculatory duct ➡️ urethra
▪️Tightly coiled tube found on the superior part of the testis and along the posterior lateral side
▪️ functions to mature and store sperm cells (at least 20 days)
Epididymis
Interstitial cells in the seminiferous tubules produce ____ such as testosterone
Androgens
It passes through the inguinal canal and over the bladder
▪️Ductus Deferens
_________ - ductus deferens, blood vessels, and nerves in connective tissue sheath
▫️site of vasectomy
Spermatic cord
Normal pushing of sperm under control of ___________(1)
Ejaculation by _________(2)
- PNS
2. SNS
Vasectomy can be reversible, the biggest issue is _____
Scarring
cutting of the vas deferens at the level of the testes to prevent transportation of sperm.
Vasectomy
Duct System summary:
Sperm ➡️ formed in seminiferous tubules ➡️ travels via rete testis to epididymis to ductus deferens
Accessory Organs of male reproductive organs
- Seminal vesicles
- Prostate
- Bulbourethral glands
It produces a thick, yellowish secretion (60% of semen)
▫️fructose
▫️vitamin C
▫️prostaglandins
▫️other substances that nourish and activate sperm
Seminal Vesicles
carries both urine and sperm
Urethra
▫️single gland about the size and shape of a chestnut - can be felt through the rectum.
▫️It secretes a milky fluid (fairly basic). Helps to activates sperm.
▫️Sensitive to testosterone, keeps growing.
Prostate
▫️Size of a pea located inferior to the prostate gland
▫️these gland produces thick clear mucus that drains into the urethra.
▫️1st secretion that passes down into the urethra when the man is sexually stimulated (cleanses, lubricant sexual intercourse)
Bulbourethral Glands
▫️White, milky, thick, sticky, alkaline (pH 7.7 to 8) mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions.
Semen
Semen volume
normal is 2 to 5ish
🔅if less: obstruction of duct, retrograde ejaculation, or lack of time passed to replenish fluid in the duct
Urine is acidic ↪️mucus thru urethra, prevents burning of semen.
…
Semen motility is >50%
maintains testes at 3°C lower than body temperature
Scrotum
The primary oocyte is _____ and the first polar body is ______
diploid; haploid
The milk producing glands within the mammary glands are called ______ Glands
Alveolar
The primary spermatocytes ____ whereas spermatids are _____
diploid; haploid
The cells forming the outer layer (I.e., closest to the basement membrane) of the seminiferous tubule are the ____
spermatogonia
The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle corresponds with which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle?
secretory phase
The spermatic cord contains the ______
spermatic artery, spermatic vein, spermatic nerve, and ductus deferens
The tubular portion of the uterus that extends inferiorly into the superior region of the vagina is known as the _____.
cervix of the uterus
during the embryonic development, ectoderm (one of the three primary germ layers) gives rise to which of the followings?
Nervous system
What hormone produced by the blastocyst causes the glandular corpus luteum to continue producing its hormones to maintain the endometrium?
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Chief cells of the gastric glands secrete ____
pepsinogin
