Chapter 10 : Blood

Question 1

Blood is what type of tissue?

Answer 1

connective tissue; it can clot

Question 2

Normal Blood pH

Answer 2

pH 7.35-7.45 (alkaline)

Question 3

Fibronigin

Answer 3

Blood clotting

Question 4

1 drop of blood is equivalent to how many cells in the body

Answer 4

70 trillium cells & 210 trillium bacteria

Question 5

How many bacteria in 1 cell?

Answer 5

3 bacteria per cell

Question 6

What is the colour of oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 6

Bright red

Question 7

What is the colour of Deoxyhemoglobin?

Answer 7

dark red/ blue

Question 8

Lifespan of RBC

Answer 8

120 days

Question 9

main site where RBC is recycled?

Answer 9

Spleen or liver

Question 10

Defends the body against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and tumors. It circulates in the bloodstream for short period of time then migrate into loose & dense connective tissue.

Answer 10

Leukocytes (WBC)

Question 11

Eater cells

Answer 11

Phagocytosis

Question 12

Low levels of leokocytes means they are being destroyed - often by drugs (chemotherapy or steroids)- these low levels puts them at risk of infection

Answer 12

Leukopenia

Question 13

WBCs from most to least abundant

Answer 13

Neutrophil
Lymphocytes 
Monocytes 
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 14

Role of Neutrophils

Answer 14

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Main role is release of histamine to activate inflammation. It also releases heparin ( anticoagulant)

Answer 15

Basophils

Question 16

blood does not clot with all these extra cells

Answer 16

Heparin (anticoagulant)

Question 17

Secretes chemicals that destroy certain parasites & allergens

Answer 17

Eosinophils

Question 18

It comprised of B-cells and T-cells

Answer 18

Agranulocytes

Question 19

Mature into dendritic cells or macrophages. It sits in tissue cells

Answer 19

Monocytes

Question 20

Cells that Are present in those tissues that are in contact with external environment such as SKIN and the inner lining of the nose, lungs, stomach and intestines . It come from monocytes

Answer 20

Dendritic cells

Question 21

Cells that are present in most tissues surrounding blood vessels and nerves. contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis.

Similar to basophils

Answer 21

Mast Cells

Question 22

Not actually cells- they are fragments of cells. Needed for clotting process. They cling to broken blood vessels or tissue, thus helping to control blood clots

Answer 22

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 23

results in infants in which the liver cannot rid the body of hemoglobin breakdown products fast enough

Answer 23

Physiologic jaundice

Question 24

In newborns, fetal hemoglobin is nearly completely replaced by adult hemoglobin by approximately ____________months postnatal.

Answer 24

6 months

Question 25

Fetal hemoglobin differs from adult hemoglobin

Answer 25

It is able to bind oxygen w/ greater affinity than the adult form, giving the developing fetus better access to oxygen from the mothers bloodstream

Question 26

WBC (Leukocytes) normal count

Answer 26

4.0-10.0x10^9/L

Question 27

RBC (Erythrocytes) normal count

Answer 27

male : 4.4 - 5.7x10^12/L | female : 4.0 - 5.2x10^12/L

Question 28

Hematocrit (Hct) percentage of blood occupied by RBCs

Answer 28

male : 0.420 -0.520 (42% - 52%) | female: 0.370 - 0.460 (37% - 46%)

Question 29

Platelets normal count

Answer 29

150-400x10^9/L

Question 30

Aging Blood

Answer 30

values remain constant fasting glucose increase take longer to produce RBC Recover more slowly from bleeding episodes WBC responds to infection more slowly Greater risk for anemia and clotting disorders

Question 31

All the formed elements arise from common type of stem cell, the _________. ("Blood cell former"), which resides in the red bone marrow

Answer 31

Hemocytoblast

Question 32

Blood cell formation

Answer 32

Hematopiesis

Question 33

The rate of erythrocyte production is controlled by hormone called. It is released in response to low blood oxygen levels.

Answer 33

Erythropoietin

Question 34

If thrombus breakaway from vessel walls and float freely in the bloodstream, it becomes an_____

Answer 34

Embolus. Cerebral embolus may cause a stroke.

Question 35

Is a substance that the body recognizes as foreign; it stimulates the immune system to release antibodies or use other body.

Answer 35

Antigen

Question 36

One persons RBCs proteins will be recognized as foreign if transfused into another person with different RBC antigen. The "Recognizers" are _______

Answer 36

Antibodies

Question 37

____________ (rupture of blood) does not occur with first transfusion because it takes time for the body to react and start making antibodies. However, the 2nd time and every time thereafter, a typical transfusion reaction occurs in w/c the pt antibodies attack and rupture the donors Rh+ RBC

Answer 37

Hemolysis

Question 38

Normal adult blood volume

Answer 38

5-6 L

Question 39

What is the name of the stem cell that give rise to all formed elements

Answer 39

Hematocytoblast

Question 40

Components of blood

Answer 40

1. Formed elements | 2. Plasma

Question 41

Blood temperature

Answer 41

38c or 100.4F

Question 42

Plasma proteins composed of

Answer 42

1. Albumin 2. Clotting protein 3. Globulins

Question 43

Increased number over 11,000 of WBC due to infection or inflammation means

Answer 43

Leukocytosis

Question 44

Low level of WBC cause by being destroyed -often by drugs is called

Answer 44

Leukopenia

Question 45

Agranulocyte or lack of cytoplasmic granules include:

Answer 45

1. Lymphocytes | 2. Monocytes

Question 46

Granulocytes or granules in their cytoplasm include:

Answer 46

1. Neutrophil- role is phagocytosis 2. Eosinophil - secretes chemicals to destroy parasites or allergens 3. Basophils - role is release of histamine; also heparin (anticoagulant)

Question 47

Fragments of cells. Also known as thrombocytes. play a role as seal up damage blood vessels.

Answer 47

Platelets

Question 48

stimulates stem cells in bone marrow to produce RBCs. Is released into plasma when oxygen levels are low (hypoxia)

Answer 48

Erythropoietin

Question 49

It stimulates production of platelets

Answer 49

Thrombopoietin

Question 50

Hemostasis [stasis-lack of mov't] involves three phases

Answer 50

1. Vascular spasm 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Coagulation (blood clotting)

Question 51

Is the plasma less fibrinogen. It is the liquid part of blood after coagulation, therefore, void of clotting factors as fibrinogen.

Answer 51

Serum

Question 52

Is the liquid, cell-free part of blood, that has been treated with anticoagulants.

Answer 52

Plasma