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Human Anatomy & Physiology II > Chapter 10 : Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 10 : Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is what type of tissue?

A

connective tissue; it can clot

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2
Q

Normal Blood pH

A

pH 7.35-7.45 (alkaline)

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3
Q

Fibronigin

A

Blood clotting

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4
Q

1 drop of blood is equivalent to how many cells in the body

A

70 trillium cells & 210 trillium bacteria

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5
Q

How many bacteria in 1 cell?

A

3 bacteria per cell

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6
Q

What is the colour of oxyhemoglobin?

A

Bright red

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7
Q

What is the colour of Deoxyhemoglobin?

A

dark red/ blue

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8
Q

Lifespan of RBC

A

120 days

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9
Q

main site where RBC is recycled?

A

Spleen or liver

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10
Q

Defends the body against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and tumors. It circulates in the bloodstream for short period of time then migrate into loose & dense connective tissue.

A

Leukocytes (WBC)

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11
Q

Eater cells

A

Phagocytosis

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12
Q

Low levels of leokocytes means they are being destroyed - often by drugs (chemotherapy or steroids)- these low levels puts them at risk of infection

A

Leukopenia

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13
Q

WBCs from most to least abundant

A 
Neutrophil
Lymphocytes 
Monocytes 
Eosinophils
Basophils
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14
Q

Role of Neutrophils

A

Phagocytosis

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15
Q

Main role is release of histamine to activate inflammation. It also releases heparin ( anticoagulant)

A

Basophils

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16
Q

blood does not clot with all these extra cells

A

Heparin (anticoagulant)

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17
Q

Secretes chemicals that destroy certain parasites & allergens

A

Eosinophils

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18
Q

It comprised of B-cells and T-cells

A

Agranulocytes

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19
Q

Mature into dendritic cells or macrophages. It sits in tissue cells

A

Monocytes

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20
Q

Cells that Are present in those tissues that are in contact with external environment such as SKIN and the inner lining of the nose, lungs, stomach and intestines . It come from monocytes

A

Dendritic cells

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21
Q

Cells that are present in most tissues surrounding blood vessels and nerves. contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis.

Similar to basophils

A

Mast Cells

22
Q

Not actually cells- they are fragments of cells. Needed for clotting process. They cling to broken blood vessels or tissue, thus helping to control blood clots

A

Platelets (thrombocytes)

23
Q

results in infants in which the liver cannot rid the body of hemoglobin breakdown products fast enough

A

Physiologic jaundice

24
Q

In newborns, fetal hemoglobin is nearly completely replaced by adult hemoglobin by approximately ____________months postnatal.

A

6 months

25
Q

Fetal hemoglobin differs from adult hemoglobin

A

It is able to bind oxygen w/ greater affinity than the adult form, giving the developing fetus better access to oxygen from the mothers bloodstream

26
Q

WBC (Leukocytes) normal count

A

4.0-10.0x10^9/L

27
Q

RBC (Erythrocytes) normal count

A

male : 4.4 - 5.7x10^12/L

female : 4.0 - 5.2x10^12/L

28
Q

Hematocrit (Hct) percentage of blood occupied by RBCs

A

male : 0.420 -0.520 (42% - 52%)

female: 0.370 - 0.460 (37% - 46%)

29
Q

Platelets normal count

A

150-400x10^9/L

30
Q

Aging Blood

A

values remain constant
fasting glucose increase
take longer to produce RBC
Recover more slowly from bleeding episodes
WBC responds to infection more slowly
Greater risk for anemia and clotting disorders

31
Q

All the formed elements arise from common type of stem cell, the _________. (“Blood cell former”), which resides in the red bone marrow

A

Hemocytoblast

32
Q

Blood cell formation

A

Hematopiesis

33
Q

The rate of erythrocyte production is controlled by hormone called.

It is released in response to low blood oxygen levels.

A

Erythropoietin

34
Q

If thrombus breakaway from vessel walls and float freely in the bloodstream, it becomes an_____

A

Embolus.

Cerebral embolus may cause a stroke.

35
Q

Is a substance that the body recognizes as foreign; it stimulates the immune system to release antibodies or use other body.

A

Antigen

36
Q

One persons RBCs proteins will be recognized as foreign if transfused into another person with different RBC antigen. The “Recognizers” are _______

A

Antibodies

37
Q

____________ (rupture of blood) does not occur with first transfusion because it takes time for the body to react and start making antibodies. However, the 2nd time and every time thereafter, a typical transfusion reaction occurs in w/c the pt antibodies attack and rupture the donors Rh+ RBC

A

Hemolysis

38
Q

Normal adult blood volume

A

5-6 L

39
Q

What is the name of the stem cell that give rise to all formed elements

A

Hematocytoblast

40
Q

Components of blood

A
  1. Formed elements

2. Plasma

41
Q

Blood temperature

A

38c or 100.4F

42
Q

Plasma proteins composed of

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Clotting protein
  3. Globulins
43
Q

Increased number over 11,000 of WBC due to infection or inflammation means

A

Leukocytosis

44
Q

Low level of WBC cause by being destroyed -often by drugs is called

A

Leukopenia

45
Q

Agranulocyte or lack of cytoplasmic granules include:

A
  1. Lymphocytes

2. Monocytes

46
Q

Granulocytes or granules in their cytoplasm include:

A
  1. Neutrophil- role is phagocytosis
  2. Eosinophil - secretes chemicals to destroy parasites or allergens
  3. Basophils - role is release of histamine; also heparin (anticoagulant)
47
Q

Fragments of cells. Also known as thrombocytes. play a role as seal up damage blood vessels.

A

Platelets

48
Q

stimulates stem cells in bone marrow to produce RBCs. Is released into plasma when oxygen levels are low (hypoxia)

A

Erythropoietin

49
Q

It stimulates production of platelets

A

Thrombopoietin

50
Q

Hemostasis [stasis-lack of mov’t] involves three phases

A
  1. Vascular spasm
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Coagulation (blood clotting)
51
Q

Is the plasma less fibrinogen. It is the liquid part of blood after coagulation, therefore, void of clotting factors as fibrinogen.

A

Serum

52
Q

Is the liquid, cell-free part of blood, that has been treated with anticoagulants.

A

Plasma

Human Anatomy & Physiology II (11 decks)

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