Respiratory system Flashcards
Main purpose of the respiratory system
Supply itself with oxygen
Remove waste products
4 main functions of the respiratory system
To Extract oxygen from atmosphere
To excrete water vapour and carbon dioxide
To maintain the normal acid base balance of the blood
To ventilate the lungs
Inspired Air The components are
Oxygen=20% Nitrogen=79% Inert gases=1% Carbon dioxide=0.04% Water vapour = variable
Expired Air The components are of expired air
Oxygen 16% Nitrogen 79% Inert gases 1% Carbon dioxide 4% Water vapour to saturation
Function of the nose 5
To warm the air
To filter the air
To moisten the air
To assist in resonating sound
Organ of the sense of smell
Function of the larynx
To provide a passageway for air from the pharynx to the trachea
To continue to moisten,
To warm
To filter the air
To produce sounds
To protect the airway during the act of swallowing food
Structure of the pharynx
Pharynx is funnel shaped tube 13cm long composed of skeletal muscle
Can be divided into three sections
Naso-pharynx
Oro-Pharynx
Laryngo-Pharynx
Function of the Pharynx
Respiratory function
Digestive function
Assist with the sense of taste
Tonsils assist in the fight against infection
what is this
Pharynx
Pic lungs label
right lung (superior lobe ) 21
right lung inferior lobe 23
right lung (middle lobe ) 22
right primary bronchus 9
left lung ( superior lobe/apex) 5
diaphragm 16
mediastinal surface 18
visceral pleura 14
secondary bronchus 8
tertiary bronchus 10
trachea 4
left primary bronchus 7
left lung (inferior lobe)
diaphragmatic surface 20
cardiac notch 19
pleural cavity 13
bronchiole 6
cricoid cartilage 3
thyroid cartilage 2
epiglottis 1
mediastinum 11/17
parietal pleura 12
Structure of the trachea
16-20 c-shaped incomplete rings of cartilage Approximately 12cm long
Functions of the trachea
Maintain airway normal and forced respiration
Allowed distension of oesophagus during the act of swallowing
To remove dust by the secretions of the goblet Reflex centre for coughing at the bifurcation of the trachea carina
Bronchi what are they
The two bronchi are formed the trachea divides at the carina
The right bronchus is
The right bronchus is wider and shorter than the left after entering the right lung it divides into three branches on to each lobe
The left bronchus is
The left bronchus is longer and narrower than the right 5cm after it enters the lung divides into two branches one to each lobe
Smaller air passages 4
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar
Alveoli
Structure of the lungs
Right side three lobes
Left side two lobes
The pleura is
The pleura is a serous membrane that surrounds each lung Has two layers
Chemical control of respiration Normal drive is driven
In normal healthy people the basic drive to breathe is high levels of C02
Basic rhythm of respiration is controlled by parts of the CNS
Hypoxic Drive
Patients with copd the C02 chemoreceptors become worn out, The stimulus for this type of patient becomes low concentrations of O2 and is termed the hypoxic drive
Mechanism of external respiration
Inspiratory phase 2sec active stage
Expiratory phase 3 Sec passive stage
Respiratory pause phase 0.25
Factors that can decrease breathing rates
Head injury
Cva
Drugs heroin opiates methadone barbiturates
what is this
pharynx
what is this
trachea
what is this
larynx
