ECG How To Use Flashcards
what can cause
Sinus bradycardia
Physical fitness
Vasovagal attacks
Hypothermia
Hypothyroidis
Patients with normal hearts may show signs of what on ECG but normal
First degree heart block RBBB RBBB with a QRS of less than 120ms can be accepted as a normal variant
Causes of RBBB
Normal heart
Atrial septal defect
congenital disease
Pulmonary embolism
Causes for left BBB
Ischaemia
Aortic stenosis
HTN
Cardiomyopathy
High take off
ST segment beginning after an S wave
T wave inverted in leads
VR V1 and sometimes in V3 Black people V3 V4
Acute chest pain can be caused by what
Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
pleuritic disease
Pericarditis
Aortic dissection
Intermittent chest pain can be caused by what
Angina
Oesophageal
Muscular pain
Nonspecific pain
Old inferior mi can be indicated by what
Deep Q waves in leads 2 3 VF
The normal ECG Limits of Normal duration PR interval Ms. Small sq QRS complex Ms. Small sq QT interval Ms. Small sq
PR 200ms 5 small sq
QRS 120ms 3 small sq
QT. 450ms 11sq
what are always normal Rhythms
Sinus arrhythmia
Supra ventricular/
extra systoles Are always normal
The cardiac axis leads normal
Leads 1 2 3 pos still normal if QRS neg in lead 3
Normal q waves in leads
1 VL and V6 septal q waves
Normal QRS complex rsr pattern normal if what
RSR pattern in lead V1 normal if less than 120 ms partial RBBB
R wave smaller than S wave in lead V1
R wave in lead V6 less than 25mm R wave in lead
V6 plus S wave in lead V1 less than 35mm
ST segment should be
Should be isoelectric
T waves may be inverted in what leads
VR V1 V2 V3 black people
What to look for in ECG Rhythm
Regular / not regular
What to look for in ECG P waves
Are they P waves
Peaked tall P waves =right atrial hypertrophy
Notched broad P waves =left atrial hypertrophy
What to look for in ECG Cardiac axis
What to look for in ECG QRS complexes
Width
If wide ventricular or BBB Tall R waves in lead v1 RVH
Tall R waves in lead v6 LVH
RS waves equal V3/V4
Clockwise rotation indicates chronic lung disease Q waves
What to look for in ECG ST segment
Raised in mi and pericarditis
Depression in ischaemia and digoxin
What to look for in ECG T waves
Peaked in hyperkalaemia
Flat and prolonged in hypokalaemia
hypercute
biphasic
camel hump
Inverted normal in avr v1 can be inverted v1 v2
What to look for in ECG U waves
Can be normal
Hypokalaemia
Causes of sinus tachycardia
Exercise
Pain
Fright
Obesity
Pregnancy
Anaemia
Thyrotoxicosis
CO2 Retention
