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ECA Training > ECG The Rhythm Of The Heart > Flashcards

ECG The Rhythm Of The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Changes in heart rate in young people are called what

A

Sinus arrhythmia

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2
Q

Sinus bradycardia can be associated with diseases/ pursuits

A

Athletic training

Fainting

Hypothermia

Myxoedema

Often seen after a heart attack

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3
Q

Sinus tachycardia Is associated with what

A

Exercise

Fear Pain

Haemorrhage

Thyrotoxicosis

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4
Q

Abnormal rhythms can start in three different places in the heart? Normal rhythm begins where?

A

sinus node

the atrial muscle

The region of the AV node (junctional)

The ventricular muscles

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5
Q

Sinus rhythm

Atrial rhythm Junctional rhythm Are called what

A

Super-ventricular rhythms

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6
Q

Super-ventricular rhythms will have a normal QRS yes are no

A

Yes

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7
Q

Super ventricular rhythms will have ———- QRS

A

Narrow QRS

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8
Q

Ventricular rhythms have ———QRS

A

Wide QRS complexes

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9
Q

Usually super ventricular rhythms have narrow QRS

Ventricular rhythms have wide QRS

What can happen to make super ventricular rhythm have a wide QRS

A

LBBB or RBBB

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10
Q

What are the protective rhythms call

A

Escape rhythms

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11
Q

What happens in an Atrial escape

A

SA node fails to depolarise.

After a delay an abnormal p wave is seen then a normal QRS

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12
Q

Nodal (junctional) escape rhythm

A

no relationship between QRS and any atrial activty ( p wave) eg af af

rate 40-60

QRS typically narrow

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13
Q

Ventricular escape is most commonly seen When

A

Conduction between the atrial and ventricular is interrupted by Complete heart block

But can occur without heart block and can also be single

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14
Q

Extra systoles can also be know as

A

Ectopic Premature

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15
Q

The heart can occasionally be controlled by a Ventricular focus with an intrinsic frequency of discharge faster than seen in complete heart block This rhythm is called

A

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm

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16
Q

5 things to ask yourself when analysing an ECG

A

1 does an early QRS complex follow an early P wave. If so it must be an atrial extra systole.

2 can a P wave be seen anywhere. A junctional extra systole may cause the appearance of a P wave very close to and even after the QRS complex

3 is the QRS the same shape throughout Super-ventricular beats look the same ventricular beats look different

4 is the T wave the same way up as in the normal beat? Super ventricular beats it’s the same way up ventricular beats look different

5does the next P wave after extra systole at an expected time .

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17
Q

Which node has the highest rate of discharge?

Which nerve has influence over this area

A

SA node

Vagus nerve

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18
Q

Tall P waves means what ( peaked)

A

Right atrial hypertrophy

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19
Q

Broad P waves means what ( bifid)

A

Left atrial hypertrophy

20
Q

Broadening QRS complex indicates what

A

Abnormal intraventricular conduct Seen in BBB

21
Q

Increased height of the QRS indicates what What leads indicate which side

A

Ventricular hypertrophy

RVH seen in V1

LVH seen in V5-V6

22
Q

Q waves greater than 1mm across and 2mm deep indicate what

A

Mi

23
Q

ST segment elevation indicates what

A

MI

Pericarditis

24
Q

ST segment depression and T wave inversion may be due to what

A

Ischaemia

Ventricular hypertrophy

Abnormal intraventricular conduction

Digoxin

25
Q

T wave inversion is normal in what leads

A

VR and V1

26
Q

T wave inversion is associated with what

A

BBB

Ischaemia

Ventricular hypertrophy

27
Q

T Wave flatten or peaking with an unusually long or short QT wave interval may be due to what

A

Electrolyte abnormalities

28
Q

Many ST -T changes are what

A

Nonspecific

29
Q

A supra ventricular extrasystole resets what

A

The p wave

30
Q

When a tachycardia occurs intermittently it is called what

A

Paroxysmal

31
Q

Atrial flutter Giving the wave what appearance

A

Sawtooth appearance

32
Q

Junctional tachycardia ,node The p waves may what?

A

May be seen very close to the QRS or not at all

33
Q

CSP stands for what

A

Carotid sinus pressure

34
Q

During super ventricular tachycardia What may be helpful 1 2

A

CSP may have be therapeutic effect

could make the nature of the arrhythmia more obvious

35
Q

Applying CSP Does what

A

Activates a vagal stimulation of the sa and AV nodes

36
Q

Ventricular tachycardia starts where In the heart

What do the the QRS look like

A

In the ventricles Wide QRS

37
Q

Wide QRS are seen in VT

Name other

A

BBB

38
Q

Atrial fibrillation Describe

A

No p waves

Irregular base line Irregular Q

RS Normal shaped QRS

39
Q

What are delta waves

A

QRS Early slurred upstroke

40
Q

Short PR interval Delta wave Second part of QRS normal

RAD

What could this be

A

WPW Wolff Parkinson white

41
Q

AVNRE

A

Atrioventricular nodal re-entry

42
Q

Most parts of the heart are capable of what

A

Spontaneous depolarisation

43
Q

Abnormal rhythms can arise in which part of the heart

A

Atrial muscle

The region around the AV node ( Junction)

Ventricular muscle

44
Q

Escape rhythms are what

A

Slow and protective

45
Q

Frequent depolarisation causes what

A

Tachycardia

46
Q

All super ventricular rhythms have normal what Providing their is no BBB

A

QRS

47
Q

Ventricular rhythms cause what

A

QRS and abnormal T waves

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