Cardiac Conditions Flashcards
Coronary disease
What is it
Atherosclerosis(Harding of the coronary arteries)
Reduce blood flow
Angina pectoris
The most common symptom of coronary artery disease
Caused by temporary lack of oxygen an accumulation of carbon dioxide and lactic acid in the myocardium.
Frequently related to exertion painful symptoms revert when the exertion ceases.
Angina pectoris
Two types
Stable
Unstable
Stable angina
occurs
Generally predictable
Follows pattern
Exertion, emotion, pain of similar intensity duration and location
Most attacks relieved by rest / GTN with in a few minutes
Unstable angina (ACS) Can occur
During sleep, at rest,
Often precedes an MI
Also referred to pre infarction or crescendo angina
Clinical features of angina Symptoms
Central,retro sterna chest pain
Pain referred to throat, jaw and teeth also armpits often arms
Often describe as heaviness in the arms chest
Pallor
AMI symptoms
Rapid onset Central chest pain Crushing May radiate to neck jaw arms or back Nausea vomiting Faintness Feeling of impending doom Diaphoresis Rapid shallow resps Pallor VS change 15-20% may not experience no chest pain Pain for more than 15-20 minutes
Heart failure
What is it
The heart unable to pump blood adequately
Can be left or right
Can fail individually or together
LVF may accompany what and present
Avf may lead to AMI and present as severe dyspnoea DIB caused by pulmonary oedema
Right sided failure is usually secondary to what and result in what
Right sided failure is usually secondary left sided
Right sided results in fluid retention in the peripheral circulation
Heart failure clinical signs
Dyspnoea Orthopnea Ankle oedema Cyanosis Confusion High BP Wheeze Diaphoresis
Management of ACS
ABCD approach Consider oxygen Aspirin GTN Morphine
Types of cardiac condition
Name 4
Coronary artery disease
Acute coronary syndrome ( unstable angina and AMI)
Heart Failure
Cardiac arrest
