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Block 1 Nursing SCC > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary purpose of the respiratory system

A

gas exchange

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2
Q

body parts of upper respiratory tract

A

nose, nose hair, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea.

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3
Q

body parts of lower respiratory tract

A

bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli, lung lobes.

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4
Q

where in lower respiratory tract does gas exchange occur?

A

bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

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5
Q

two main blood supplies to the respiratory system

A

pulmonary and bronchial

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6
Q

structures of the chest wall

A

ribs, diaphragm, pleura

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7
Q

define ventilation

A

movement of air into and out of the lungs

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8
Q

define respiration

A

exchange of oxygen/carbon dioxide -alveolar capillary/capillary cell membrane

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9
Q

with deep breaths, lungs produce…

A

surfactant

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10
Q

oxygen carrying RBC

A

hemoglobin

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11
Q

injury to the C4…

A

…cannot breathe anymore (C4 connected to diaphragm)

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12
Q

In an older adult, they have decreased ability to…

A

…deep breathe, leads to decreased production of surfactant, leads to atelectasis, now at risk for pneumonia

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13
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gases; taken from radial or femoral artery; most accurate way to measure O2

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14
Q

ABGs evaluate what?

A

pH, partial pressure of CO2, partial pressure of O2, bicarbonate,

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15
Q

PaCO2

A

reflects adequacy of lungs ventilation and CO2 elimination. Respiratory parameter

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16
Q

PaO2

A

reflects body’s ability to pick up O2 from the lungs

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17
Q

HCO3

A

reflects the kidney’s ability to retain and excrete HCO3 -metabolic

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18
Q

culture and sensitivity for sputum culture

A

identify microbe and find what antibiotic to use

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19
Q

cytology for sputum culture

A

looking at cells for malignancy

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20
Q

gram stain for sputum culture

A

fastest and first thing to do to get the correct type of broad spectrum antibiotic started while waiting on results of the other tests

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21
Q

what is the size of induration and meaning of a positive reading of a skin test

A

10mm wide or greater; and that the pt had exposure to the antigen, not the disease is currently active

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22
Q

for immunocompromised pts, what size induration will be present for a positive reading

A
23
Q

CBC lab values include and reveal…

A

WBC - differential, RBC, Hgb, can reveal info about conditions that may be contributing to respiratory symptoms

24
Q

Elevated WBC indicates…

A

infection

25
Q

WBC differential indicates…

A

elevated neutrophil levels= bacterial

elevated basophil and eosinophils= allergic reaction

26
Q

pulse oximetry norms

A

93-100%

27
Q

Chest X-Ray (CXR)

A

screen, diagnose, evaluate change

PA and lateral views (posterior and anterior)

28
Q

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan (cat scans)

A

diagnose lesions difficult to see on x-ray, cross sections, contrast media (avoid of use metformin), evaluate BUN/creatinine. Allergy to shellfish or iodine, don’t use contrast,

29
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

diagnose lesions difficult to assess by CT scan, contrast media not iodine based, metal objects MUST be removed, not pacemakers or internal defibrillators. the magnet aligns with hydrogen ions in body to produce a detailed image.

30
Q

Pulmonary Angiogram

A

xray image using contrast dye that looks at blood vessels of the lungs. can show PE, aneurysm, AVM, etc…uses fluoroscopy (live xray)

31
Q

PET scan

A

uses a radioactive material called a tracer which is given IV and collects in highly active organs/tissues. can screen diagnose cancer. an increased glucose could give a false positive reading glucose >150 test cancelled

32
Q

VQ scan

A

rarely used; inhaled radioisotopes to identify areas of lung not receiving air flow or blood flow

33
Q

NPO after bronchoscopy until…

A

…gag reflex returns

34
Q

Lung Biopsy

A

anticoags will be d/c prior to procedure INR has to be 1.5 for procedure

35
Q

Room air is ?%

A

21% O2

36
Q

Every liter of O2 gives ?%

A

4% O2

37
Q

Nasal Canula

A

1-6 L/min

38
Q

COPD pt. O2 level…

A

do not give more than 2-3L/min ; increased amount of O2 will decrease hypoxic drive and pt. will stop breathing

39
Q

Simple Face Mask

A

5-10 L/min 40-60%; minimum is 5-6 L/min to prevent rebreathing of exhaled air. Short term or in an emergency

40
Q

Partial Rebreather

A

6-11 L/min ; pt. rebreathes about one third of the expired air and the oxygen that is mixed in the reservoir bag. DO NOT use for COPD pt.

41
Q

Non-Rebreather Mask

A

6-15 L/min; highest concentration via mask, Pt only breathes full O2. flow rate must be sufficient to keep bag from collapsing during inspiration. Emergency situation

42
Q

BIPAP

A

noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ; used to wean pt off ventilator before NC. improves tidal volume

43
Q

CPAP

A

continuous nasal positive airway pressure; to open collapsed alveoli.

44
Q

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT) goals and involvement

A

moves secretions; goal= expectorating and/or suction; involves: postural drainage, chest percussion, chest vibration

45
Q

CPT: Postural Drainage

A

uses gravity, place affected area in uppermost position

46
Q

CPT: Chest Percussion and Vibration

A

used in conjunction with Postural Drainage, position for 10-15 min. Percussion= clapping on chest with cupped hands. Vibration= palms of hands on chest wall and vibrate upon exhale

47
Q

Suctioning

A

limit to 10 sec at a time; use for adventitious breath sounds, decreased O2 sats, gurgling during respiration, and labored breathing

48
Q

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

1st generation antihistamine

49
Q

fluticasone (Flonase)

A

intranasal corticosteroids

50
Q

pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

A

decongestant

51
Q

opioids: codeine and hydrocodone

non-opioids: dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM)

A

antitussives - dampen cough reflex

52
Q

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

A

expectorant

53
Q

acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

A

breathing treatment mucolytic

54
Q

Rescue respiratory drugs

A

steroids end in -sone, bronchodilators (albuterol), anticholinergics (to keep dilation)

Block 1 Nursing SCC (11 decks)

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