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Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory primary function

A

Respiration, inhale and exhale
Sir distribution, gas exchange, external respiration oxygen in and carbon dioxide out
Internal respiration cellular level

Air modifications - inhalation air filtered, warmed and humidified
Body temperature regulation helps prevent hypothermia and hyperthermia

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2
Q

Secondary function

A

Phonation- make noise in the larynx
Larynx, vocal folds
Temp respiration in hot environments, panting
Cool environments- warms air
Acid base balance

Olfactory sense
Smell

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3
Q

Inspiration

A

Active
Diaphragm and intercostals, external or internal located dependent

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4
Q

Expiration

A

Passive(rest)- elastic recoil
Active(forced)- internal.external location dependent
Abdominal muscles

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5
Q

General considerations

A

Control the CNS with Pons, medulla, respiratory center
Inspiration phonic nerve in the intercostal nerves

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6
Q

Gas exchange

A

Concentration gradient high or low
Atmosphere alveoli ^
Pulmonary capillaries oxygen low, carbon dioxide high

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7
Q

Nose or nostrils

A

Houses nostrils in the naval cavity
Turbinates( conchae) -nasal conchae
Climates mucous epithelium
Olfactory -smell

Sinuses- lighten skull

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8
Q

Pharynx

A

Naspharyn- soft palate
Oropharynx- eustachan tube; equalize pressure in horses, pouch and gutural
Throat, both respiratory and digestive pass through

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9
Q

Larynx

A

In n out, regulates gas flow and protects air ways in the epiglottis
Phonation- vocal folds or laryngeal saccuoles

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10
Q

Trachea

A

Thoracic inlet
Wind pipe

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11
Q

Lower trachea

A

Thorax in humans, C cartilages, not birds, full rings to move head all the way around
Cilitated mucous, epithelium
Bifurcation in the carina,mammals base of heart
Bronchi-complete rings

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12
Q

Bronchi

A

Complete ring
Main stem, bronchial tree, bronchioles- smooth muscle
Autonomic nerves

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13
Q

Bronchiole tree

A

Area from bifurcation of trachea of the bronchioles

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14
Q

Lungs

A

Pleural ; parietal and visceral
Alveoli
Dead space, no gas exchange

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15
Q

Lung lobes

A

Species dependent
Right- cranial , middle, caudal , and accessory

Left- cranial, middle, caudal

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16
Q

Horses lung lobes

A

Right- 1 lobe accessory
Left- 1 lobe

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17
Q

Bronchioles

A

Branches off the tritary bronchi

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18
Q

Nostrils

A

External opening of nose

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19
Q

Thoracic wall

A

Ribs and sternum
Intercostal muscles
Pleura- parietal, thorax lining
Visceral- lung lining
Pleural fluid

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20
Q

Thoracic wall function for ribs

A

Bucket handle motion
Lateral dimension

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21
Q

Thoracic wall function for sternum

A

Pump handle motion
DV dimension

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22
Q

Thoracic wall function of pleural tissues

A

Smooth in contact with movement

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23
Q

Residual volume

A

Always air in the lungs

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24
Q
A
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25
Pleural fluids
Flow dynamics across pleural space- pressure Coupling pleural layers Lubriant
26
Respiratory capacity
Tidal volume, normal health, inpsiratory reserve( forced exhale)
27
Functional residual capacity
Air left after normal exhale Gas exchange during expiration
28
General considerations
Oxygen necessary Energy produce ATP, oxygen reaction, carbs, fats, proteins
29
Pathways
Oxide, phosporation, Krebs cycle,etc
30
Internal respiration
In n out of tissues
31
Voice box
Cord vibrate when exhaled air passed over- sound out Vocal cords/ folds to sounds
32
Olfaction
Smell receptor in nasal passages
33
Diaphram
Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities Lungs fill thoracic cavity Mediastium- where heart and blood vessels, nerves, trachea,esophagus, lymphatic vessels, and lymph node located
34
Visceral pleura
Thin membrane covering thoracic oranges an structures
35
Biopsy
Medial procedure that involves obtaining a sample of cells or tissues for examining
36
Respiration
All structures must work together
37
Negative pressure
Thorax, parietal vacuum pressure in thorax less than atmospheric pressure Allows lungs to fill thoracic cavity
38
RaO recurrent airway obstruction
Heaves COPD Allergic, obstruction inflammatory airway disease, similar to human asthma
39
Upper respiratory infection
Head cold in humans
40
Lower respiratory infection
Chest cold in humans
41
Pneumonia
An acute chronic infection of the lungs inflammation, infectus canine trachechondritis Kennel cough, bacterial, highly contagious Dry hacking cough, retching, nasal discharge, pheunomia, fever, lethargic
42
Oxygen necessity
ATP production - energy
43
Oxygen reaction
Carbs, fats and proteins
44
Acid base balance
Homeostasis, proper pH- 7.4 Danger below- 7.35 or above 7.45
45
Antimicrobial
Substance that kills/ inhibits growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi , and protozoans
46
Nasal passages
Increase surface area of nasal passages Warm air, catch debris
47
Expiratory reserve
Forced exhale
48
Inspiration reserve
Forced inhalation
49
Right and left bronchi
1st branches of trachea ten into secondary bronchi Then into tritary bronchi
50
Receptors
Stretch- bronchi walls, hiring- Breuer reflex Chemoreceptors to carbon dioxide location in the carotid body and aortic body Carbon dioxide pH
51
Paranasal sinuses
Sinuses Pouches of nasal passages that fit into spaces inside the skull Most animals have four or 2 pairs of
52
Laryngeal hemispheric
Roaring in horses Damage nerve supply of arythenoid cartilage Larynx cannot open completely’ Wheezing when horses breath deeply
53
Aspiration neumonía
Inflammatory/ reaction resulting from inhaled foreign material
54
Alveolar sac
Microscopic blind sac containing alveoli
55
Vital capacity
Total capacity after maximal inhale
56
Parietal pleura
Thin membrane lining in the thoracic cavity Right and left sided
57
What is between visceral and parietal pleura
Potential space for a small amount of lubricating fluid that allows lungs to move smoothly along chest wall when breathing
58
Alveolar ducts
Branches off bronchioles
59
Tidal volume
Normal volume
60
External respiration
Oxygen exchange with carbon dioxide Takes place in alveoli
61
External respiration
In n out of blood
62
Functional residual capacity
Air left after normal exhale Gas exchange during expiration

Anatomy (8 decks)

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