Muscular System

Question 1

What are the main functions of muscles?

Answer 1

Excitability- electrical stimulus and stimulate the muscle to contract
Contractility- shorten activity
Extensibility- stretch and can’t go back
Elasticity- goes back to original length

Question 2

What is the control system of muscles?

Answer 2

Central nervous system- nerve impulses to each cell
Cardiac and smooth muscle

Question 3

Myo

Answer 3

Muscle

Question 4

Sacro

Answer 4

Muscle cell

Question 5

What are the three types of muscles?

Answer 5

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 6

Skeletal muscle

Answer 6

Voluntary signal from brain to tell it to do something
Contraction has nerves
Somatic motion- motion of the body

Question 7

Cardiac muscle

Answer 7

Involuntary
Contraction- ventricles/ atrium
Cardiac pump own pace maker

Question 8

Smooth muscle

Answer 8

Involuntary
Contraction
Visceral movement
Fine lining- eyes

Question 9

Skeletal muscle actions

Answer 9

Each muscle has own action-all
Conscious effort
Breathing,swallowing, balance,etc

Question 10

What are the two muscle actions?

Answer 10

Flex and extension

Question 11

What are the shapes of muscle?

Answer 11

Deltoid- triangle
Teres- round

Question 12

True or false the name of the muscle is where they are located?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Microanatomy

Answer 13

Muscle cells-fibers
Dimensions
Length-cm
Width-micrometers

Question 14

What are the characteristics of muscles?

Answer 14

Multinucleated
Periphery- on top of cells
Mitochondria-energy
Myofibril-muscle fibers

Question 15

What Is a sarcolemma

Answer 15

Cell membrane

Question 16

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum need?

Answer 16

Calcium to store

Question 17

What is in myofibrils?

Answer 17

Sarcomeres
1,000s

Question 18

True or false sarcomeres need protein filaments to function?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True /false actin is thick

Answer 19

False thin

Question 20

True/false myosin is thin

Answer 20

False thick

Question 21

What is the arrangement of actin and myosin?

Answer 21

Overlaps 1/2 way

Question 22

What is in the dark stripe of the sarcomere?

Answer 22

A- band
H-zone
M-line

Question 23

Wat is in the light stripe of the sarcomere?

Answer 23

I- band
Z-line

Question 24

How long is one sarcomere?

Answer 24

From Z to Z

Question 25

What is the periosteum in muscles?

Answer 25

A connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of bones. Serves as an attachment point for muscles,ligaments, and tendons

Question 26

What are the three protective layers of skeletal muscle?

Answer 26

Endomyosium- muscle fibers Perimysium- fascicles- groups of fibers Epimysium- entire muscle

Question 27

Wat is the layer called that includes tendons and aponeurosis?

Answer 27

Continuous combined layer

Question 28

What is a neuromuscular junction?

Answer 28

Has both a synaptic membrane that is pre synaptic vesicles and post plasma membrane. Synaptic cleft in a neurotransmitter with acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase to motor unit to muscle fibers and nerves

Question 29

What is the muscle attachment that attaches to bones?

Answer 29

Tendons

Question 30

What are the thin sheaths on bone that connect muscle to bones?

Answer 30

Aponeurosis/ fascia

Question 31

Where is the origin of muscles?

Answer 31

Relatively immobile

Question 32

True of false the insertion of muscles is highly mobile?

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What are the actions of cardiac muscle?

Answer 33

Involuntary- coordinated contraction with a parallel pump either systemic and pulmonic.

Question 34

What things in cardiac muscle can be modified?

Answer 34

Automatic input - sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 35

What are the properties of cardiac muscle?

Answer 35

Excitability- respond to stimuli , mechanical response- systolic and diastolic Conductivity- transmit impulses- organized and sequential Contractility- shortening of fibers that pump blood

Question 36

Rhythmic automaticity of heart muscle has a SA node is myogenic and neurogenic and the rate adopts fastest. Tru/False

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What is the dimension of cardiac muscle cells?

Answer 37

Length/width= micrometers

Question 38

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?

Answer 38

Branched and mononuclear is central and striated myofibrils Connections to intercalated discs an functional syncytium

Question 39

Is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 39

Involuntary

Question 40

What is the contraction of smooth muscle like/

Answer 40

Wave-like fine motion No conscious effort and can be modified with an automatic input

Question 41

What are the properties of smooth muscle?

Answer 41

Two forms of Visceral- organs Multi unit discrete

Question 42

Are visceral actions of smooth muscle weak contractions?

Answer 42

No strong contractions with stretch that propulsive and mixes and is automatic

Question 43

Where is smooth muscle located?

Answer 43

Gi Reproductive Urinary system

Question 44

What are the actions of smooth muscle?

Answer 44

Fine contractions that have individual cells in small groups that require automatic impulses

Question 45

What are the locations of smooth muscle actions?

Answer 45

Iris Vascular walls Respiratory tract

Question 46

What is the shape of smooth muscle?

Answer 46

Spindle shaped

Question 48

Is smooth muscle mononuclear?

Answer 48

Yes and is central

Question 49

Does smooth muscle have striations and actin and myosin are parallel?

Answer 49

No it doesn’t have striations or actin or myosin is not parallel

Question 50

What are the characteristics of muscle cell contractions?

Answer 50

All or nothing Skeletal not a whole muscle, nerve impulses and out of phase

Question 51

What are the fibers of muscle contractions?

Answer 51

Complete contraction for twitch contraction Contraction has more fibers and impulses

Question 52

What are the cardiac and smooth muscle contractions?

Answer 52

Stretched

Question 53

What is the physiology of cross bridge in muscle cell contraction?

Answer 53

Actin/myosin Myosin head is ratchet like Calcium frees binding sites ATP_ADP ratchet fibers that pulls actin filament

Question 54

When does the striated muscle shorten?

Answer 54

Narrows in h zone and I band

Question 55

Is smooth muscle cells rounded?

Answer 55

Yes once contracted

Question 56

How does depolarization work in muscle cell contraction?

Answer 56

Action potential in the nerves and pacemaker form a stretch response with calcium influx. Depends on blood calcium and binding sites that re exposed in the muscle contractions.Them calcium is removed and calcium pumps and the muscle is relaxed

Question 57

What energy products are in muscle cell contraction?

Answer 57

Glucose Oxygen Fats Amino acids Respiration- oxygen

Question 58

What products are stored in muscle cell contractions?

Answer 58

Glucose- glycogen Oxygen- myoglobulin

Question 59

What is metabolism of muscle cell contraction?

Answer 59

Chemical reactions with ATP production Aerobic- 38ATP needs oxygen Anaerobic- 2 ATP lactic acid with oxygen

Question 60

How does energy work in muscle cell contraction?

Answer 60

Chemical bond cleavage on adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate Then bind restoration creating phosphate

Question 61

Types of muscle groups in skeletal muscle

Answer 61

Cutaneous- skin twitch Head/neck- facial expression, mastication, neck motion

Question 62

Abdominal muscle group

Answer 62

Trunk motion Abdominal press

Question 63

Respiratory muscle group

Answer 63

Inspiration and expiration

Question 64

Thoracic/pelvic limb muscle groups

Answer 64

Locomotion Extensors/ flexors Adductors/abductors +/- pronators +/- supinations