respiratory system

Question 1

Define the respiratory system.

Answer 1

A vital exchange of gases when we inhale and exhale. Oxygen is absorbed from lungs into the blood, and then carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and breathed out from the lungs.

Question 2

Describe the Passage into the lungs.

Answer 2

1. Air enters body through mouth + nose, the nasal hair and music filtering and warming the air.
2. Air travels to either the oesophagus or trachea and larynx.
3. Air goes down trachea which branches into right of left bronchi, which contain the bronchioles.
4. Bronchioles get rid of debris in lungs using the cilia, and the air becomes room temperature and humidified.
   5.At the bronchioles are the alveoli, where air enters for gaseous exchange.
5. Oxygen diffuses across the thin alveoli walls into the higher concentration in the capillaries.

Question 3

What is Inspiration?

Answer 3

Inspiration is when we inhale. The diaphragm contracts and move downwards. The Intercostal muscles contract and moves the ribs upward and outward. The chest size then increases and air pressures decreases so air is forced out of lungs.

Question 4

What is Expiration?

Answer 4

Expiration is when we exhale. The diaphragm relaxes and moves back into a domed shape. The intercostal muscles relax and the ribs move inwards and downwards. It then decreases the chest size and increases the air pressure so air is forced out of the lungs.

Question 5

Describe the gaseous exchange.

Answer 5

Gaseous exchange is when we get oxygen from the air into the blood, and carbon dioxide out of the blood into the air. It occurs at the alveoli using diffusion across the alveoli’s thin walls. The oxygen in the alveoli diffuses from the high concentration in there into the lower concentration in the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli.

Question 6

What is aerobic respiration? (+Equation)

Answer 6

Aerobic respiration creates Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP), which is the energy required for growth, repair, movement and other metabolic activities.
- Glucose + oxygen = energy + water + carbon dioxide -

Question 7

What is anaerobic respiration? (+Equation)

Answer 7

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen by creating a small amount of energy. This causes lactic acid to build up in muscles, when then creates an oxygen debt which needs to be repaid after the exercise stops.
- Glucose = Lactic Acid + ATP -

Question 8

What are 3 health problems that can affect the respiratory system?

Answer 8

1. Asthma - shortness in breath, tight chest, cough.
2. Emphysema - Over-inflation of the alveoli + Permanent holes in lung tissue.
3. Pneumonia - fluid blocks the alveoli + infection from bacteria and viruses.