Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

1140 2 > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

function of the respiratory system

A

As a gas distributor
Helps regulate blood PH
As a gas exchanger for the body
- Supplies oxygen to cells
- Removes carbon dioxide
Filters, warms, and humidifies the air we
breathe
Produces sounds for vocalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

major organs

A

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs (Alveoli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Respiratory System is divided in

A

Upper respiratory system (nose and pharynx)
Lower Respiratory system (larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs)
Conducting system – that’s contains interconnecting cavities and tubes both inside and outside the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

other structures

A

Epilottis
Auditory or eustachian tubes
Paranasal sinuses
Pleura
Diaphragm
Ribs
Intercoastal muscles
Accessory Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how is the Tracheobronchial tree divided

A

Divides in right and left bronchus
Each bronchus divides in bronchioles
Bronchioles divide in alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 parts of respiration

A
  1. Inspiration or inhalation
  2. Gas exchange (diffusion)
  3. Expiration or exhalation
    Inhalation + exhalation = pulmonary ventilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inhalation (breathing in)

A

Increased levels of CO2 in the blood
signals the respiratory centre in the
brain to start breathing
* Signal from brain, along the phrenic and intercostal nerves, to diaphragm and intercostal muscles
diaphragm moves downward, ribs move up and outward
lungs expand causing a vacuum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diffusion (gas exchange) & Perfusion

A

De-oxygenated blood comes from right side of heart to lungs.
pulmonary capillaries come in contact with the alveoli causing gas exchange
Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Exhalation/expiration (breathing out)

A

Diaphram & intercoastal muscles relax; diaphragm and ribs return to resting position
Lungs contract
Air follows the reverse path
i.e. alveoli to nose/mouth
Air exhaled contains CO2 + waste products
and water vapour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

normal respiratory function and rhythm in adults

A

12-20 resps/min
occasional sighing or deeper breaths is normal
Moderate depth with occasional deeper breaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

signs of abnormal respiratory function

A

shortness of breath with moderate activity
decrease in mental status from person’s norm may indicate hypoxemia or hypoxia
Emotional status, Lack of o2 may cause anxiety, apprehensions and fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypoxemia

A

not enough o2 in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypoxia

A

not enough o2 reaching tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

measuring 02

A

machine is Spirometer (small device on finger)
Normal oxygen saturation levels (SpO2) is 95-100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

changes to respiratory system with aging

A

May lead to SOBOE or dyspnea even at rest
Skeletal changes
Hardening of arteries
Weakened throat muscles
Weakened vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

caring for clients with respiratory issues

A

semi or high fowlers
Time management: provide care when well-rested, allow rest periods PRN, organize care
Client care: encourage comfort/relaxation, push fluids
Avoid perfumes
Ask short questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tachypnea

A

rapid breathing (>12 breaths a
minute)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bradypnea

A

slow breathing (<12 breaths a
minute)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Apnea

A

lack or absence of breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypoventilation

A

slow, shallow, sometimes
irregular respirations

21
Q

Hyperventilation

A

rapid, deeper (than normal)
respirations

22
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficult or painful breathing

23
Q

Hemoptysis

A

blood in the sputum

24
Q

SOB & SOBOE

A

shortness of breath
shortness of breath on
exertion

25
Effects of immobility on respiratory system
effects other systems (no activity = muscle weakness = hard to take full breaths) Pooling of secretions in the lungs: Gravity causes pooling Secretions collect in lungs b/c lungs don't inflate fully, secretions not moved up/out of lungs Causes decreased area for O2/CO2 exchange Pooled secretions provide a moist, warm, dark area for bacteria growth
26
preventing lung pooling
deep breaths & cough (DB&C) Turn q2h Frequent position changes High Fowler’s Encourage fluids Humidifier may be ordered
27
asthma
Characterized by recurring episodes of SOB spasms, Wheezing, Thick secretions of mucus May show other S/S: rapid pulse, sweating, cyanosis Asthma attacks caused by infection, allergic reactions, irritants, exercise, cold air or stress
28
treatment for asthma
inhaled medications antibiotics Maintain calmness to decrease anxiety Maintain standard precautions
29
Acute Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi due to infection (bacterial or viral)
30
s/s and treatment for acute bronchitis
Sputum (mucus, etc) producing cough (report if blood-tinged) Fever, fatigue SOB Chest pain TX: Abx (if bacterial)
31
what is asthma and bronchitis care based on
s/s
32
influenza
“flu” Highly contagious spread through direct (coughing/sneezing) or indirect contact (such as a door knob)
33
s/s and recovery time for influenza
headache chills cough fever loss of appetite cold-like symptoms Time to recover: usually 1-2 weeks
34
Pneumonia
Acute lung infection Alveoli fill with liquid oxygen & CO2 can’t exchange properly not enough O2 in blood
35
aspiration
when food/fluids enter the airway from mouth
36
s/s of pneumonia
Chest pain Cough with rust or green-colored sputum Infection (fever, chills) Hypoxia (dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis)
37
hca role in pneumonia
Follow standard precautions Care for fever, pain Encourage DB&C Decrease pooling of secretions Avoid immobility Avoid aspiration Avoid spread from others
38
Tuberculosis (TB)
infectious disease from bacterial infection Transmitted by airborne droplets Usually affects the lungs, may spread occurs in animals; may spread to humans
39
latent/inactive tb
No S&S Cannot infect others May/may not become active at anytime
40
active tb
May not have symptoms at first – can be vague when they appear, worsen with time Contagious likely to develop active disease if immune system not strong
41
who is at high risk for tb
People who work/live at high-risk areas Aboriginal Canadians Elderly people Countries with poor immunization access People who live in crowded and unhygienic conditions Anyone in close contact with an infected person (e.g. HCP)
42
s/s and risk factors of tb
Concentration of bacteria Time of exposure Susceptibility S&S: Cough Coughing sputum of hemoptysis Fever Weight loss Night sweats Loss of appetite
43
caring for tb
keep immune system strong (nutrition, rest) Medications (may prescribed if TB inactive to prevent becoming active) active tb under isolation finish medications to prevent resistance treat symptoms
44
tb prevention
vaccine protect babies in high risk areas Educate clients Test all HCP Airborne Precautions Standard Precautions
45
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema Progressive with no cure Causes: Smoking Second hand smoking Exposure to other irritants or pollutants
46
Caring for client with respiratory system disorder
Protect yourself from contagious illnesses Follow isolation precautions Prioritize client’s breathing Keep client calm to help breathing Help client be comfortable Report and seek help appropriately for changes in client condition
47
Emphysema
chronic lung disease, progressive damage to alveoli air sacs burst and form large air pockets, trapping air and preventing oxygen from moving through body Overinflated lungs Type of COPD
48
Emphysema s/s, causes, tx
S/s: Dyspnea (esp w activity) Wheezing Coughing Chest heaviness Tiredness Causes is long term exposure to: Smoking Secondhand smoke Indoor pollutants Tx: Quitting smoking Medications Inhalers Lung therapies Surgery

1140 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions