digestive system Flashcards

Question

Constipation

Answer 1

Condition where BMs are less frequent; stool is hard, dry Feces moving slowly through colon S/S: increased flatus abdo pain bloating decreased appetite may lead to hemorrhoids If severe, may experience nausea/vomitting

Answer 2

low fiber diet decreased fluid intake inactivity, immobility some meds and diseases ignoring the urge to defecate, or not having requests for toilet acted upon

Answer 3

Prevention Encouraging activity Encouraging fluids (if permitted) Encouraging fiber in diet Suppository or enema (delegated task)

Answer 4

2 types: 1. IBS with diarrhea S/S: abdo bloating; urgency, frequent, loose BMs (sometimes contain mucus) 2. IBS with constipation S/S: abdo bloating; straining during BMs; hard, lumpy BMs; abdominal pain (relieved after having a BM) Cause unknown stress can trigger TX: medications, dietary changes

Answer 5

Assist with diet Record output as necessary Observe and report symptoms Skin care PRN Compassion and patience

Answer 6

Inflammation of the colon S/S: fever pain abdo tenderness rectal bleeding ulcers in colon TX: antibiotics anti-inflammatories surgery

Answer 7

Chronic, inflammatory bowel condition Episodic Exact cause unknown; no cure May affect any part of the GI tract; mostly lower small intestine/colon

Answer 8

specific to part of bowel affected Most common: diarrhea abdo pain weight loss Can also be systemic: skin rashes arthritis, eye inflammation anemia mouth ulcers

Answer 9

reporting all observations including client’s symptoms recording all BMs (any blood?) reporting changes in appetite or dietary intake provide support and empathy

Answer 10

surgical creation of a stoma (artificial opening in the body) Part of intestines may be removed surgically for many reasons (disease, cancer, trauma) May be permanent or temporary some cases, ostomy can be reversed 2 types

Answer 11

part of the colon is brought out onto abdo wall lower on GI tract, BMs more formed (similar to normal BM)

Answer 12

part of the ileum is brought out onto abdo wall higher up the GI tract, BMs more frequent, less formed as less water is absorbed

Answer 13

vomitting act of expelling contents of stomach through mouth Severity varies when client vomits: if lying down, turn client’s head to side Get a basin to catch the emesis After care: clean gown/area perform oral care Observe and report color, odor, amount, etc

Answer 14

Cause unknown Stomach acid goes up into the esophagus s/s: most common heartburn sour taste bad breath burping dysphagia TX: medications positioning

Answer 15

Disorder results in inability to tolerate gluten wheat, oats, barley S/S: abdo distention emesis diarrhea (usually pale in color) muscle wasting TX: no gluten in diet

Answer 16

def: Sac that stores bile Cholecystitis: Stones form in gallbladder and cause inflammation Stones may prevent bile going into digestive system S/S: severe abdo pain nause & vomiting (n&v) jaundice TX: surgery diet changes

Answer 17

caused by: infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) alcohol or drug use toxins mismatch during blood transfusion

Answer 18

Occurs from chronic or persistent liver disease Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue liver function impaired Causes: alcoholism (most common) No cure treatment can prevent more damage S/S: jaundice enlarged liver ascites fatigue

Answer 19

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Answer 20

chemical breakdown of food into nutrient molecules for cells to use (stomach)

Answer 21

physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces (chewing)

Answer 22

Vascular structures in the anal canal that when swell cause the disease Pain and bleeding Cause unknown, risk factors are constipation, diarrhea, pregnancy, and sitting on the toilet for long Tx: increased fiber, fluids, rest, surgery