Respiratory System Flashcards
What consists of the upper respiratory tract?
Nose, pharynx and larynx
What consists of the lower respiratory tract?
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Name 1 thing that the noes does?
- filters, warms and humidifies air
What is the main passage for air, food and water?
Pharynx
The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called?
Fauces
What is the pharynx? & What does it consist of?
Fibro muscular tube located inside middle of neck. It consist of 3 things:
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- hypo pharynx
What is the Larynx?
(The voice box) - Hollow tube in middle of neck, just above trachea and esophagus - it lets air pass from throat to trachea on way to lungs.
Name the 3 parts of the Larynx
- Supraglottis
- Glottis (This is the only one that contains the vocal cords)
- Subglottis
What is the Epiglottis?
A flap of elastic cartilage covered with mucus membrane.
What does the epiglottis do?
Guards the entrance of the glottis, for breathing it is held anteriorly then it is pulled backward to close off the glottic opening during swallowing.
What structure prevents food and water from entering the trachea?
Epiglottis
What does cilia in upper respiratory tract do?
Move mucus and trapped particles down toward the pharynx
What is the trachea?
Made up of many C - shaped rings of cartilage which supports and allows the trachea to move and flex when we breathe
What is each lung enclosed by?
Double layered pleural membrane
Where do the base of the lungs rest on?
Diaphragm
What is the primary gas exchange site?
Alveolus
What are Type I alveolar cells
Allow for exchange of gases with the pulmonary capillaries
What are Type II alveolar cells?
They secrete substance called surfactant - that prevents collapse of alveoli during exhalation
What is pulmonary ventilation?
Movement of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli
What is external respiration?
(pulmonary) gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood
What is internal respiration?
(tissue) gas exchange between the systemic capillaries and the tissue of the body
What is oxyhemoglobin?
The bound form of haemoglobin with oxygen in the blood
What is exhalation?
Passive process caused by elastic recoil of the lungs
Where is the rhythmicity centre for respiration?
In the medulla
With which body system does the respiratory system work to regulate the pH of body fluids?
Urinary system
What are the three parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Hypopharynx
What does the right lung consist of?
Upper lobe
Middle lobe
Lower lobe
How can paramedics treat asthma ?
By providing extra oxygen through either a mask or a tube attached to the nose.
