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Life Sciences For Paramedics > Gastro Intestinal System > Flashcards

Gastro Intestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the muscular tube that passes through thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A

8 meters long from mouth to anus

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2
Q

Name the four layers within the muscular tube that are specialises in certain regions to perform functions?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscular layer
Serosa

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3
Q

What is the mucosa? Describe structure

A

(mucous membrane) Is underlying connective tissue and a small amount of smooth muscle. In some regions it is folded with projections that extend into lumen - this helps to increase absorption surface.

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4
Q

What does mucosa carry out?

A

Secretion and absorption and is in contact with food

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5
Q

What process is the function of the smooth muscle layer in the digestive system?

A

Mixing and propulsion

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6
Q

What process is the primary function of the mouth?

A

Ingestion

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7
Q

Which process is the primary functions of the villi of the small intestine?

A

Absorption

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8
Q

What accessory organ stores bile?

A

Gallbladder

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9
Q

What is the submucosa?

A

Loose connective tissue, nourishes surrounding tissues and carries away absorbed material

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10
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A

glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

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11
Q

What is the muscular layer? & what are its 2 constructed muscle tissue coats called?

A

It produces movement of the tube
1. circular fibres = on inner coat will cause contraction
2. longitudinal fibres = run length ways and cause shortening

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12
Q

What layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis?

A

Submucosa

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13
Q

Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?

A

Bcos they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract

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14
Q

What portion of the peritoneum is largely responsible for carrying blood and limp vessels to the intestines?

A

Mesocolon

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15
Q

What layer of the GI tract contains skeletal muscle?

A

Muscularis

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16
Q

What is the serosa layer?

A

Smooth tissue membrane - protects underlying tissues and secretes serous fluid so that there is free movement of abdominal organs against eachother

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17
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Largest serous membrane of the body - sheet of smooth tissue that lines your abdominopelvic cavity and surrounds your abdominal organs

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18
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

Walls of abdominopelvic cavity

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19
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

A

The organs in cavity and is serosa

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20
Q

What is ascites?

A

Buildup of fluid in abdomen - often occurs as a result of cirrhosis, a liver disease

21
Q

What organs are retroperitoneal?

A

Adrenal glands, kidneys, pancreas

22
Q

What does retroperitoneal mean?

A

Where some organs lie on the posterior abdominal wall and are covered by peritoneum only on there anterior surfaces

23
Q

What is NOT a function of the liver?

A

Storage of bilirubin

24
Q

What structure regulates the flow of material into the colon?

A

Ileocecal sphincter

25
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

Fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the wall around the stomach area and holds it in place

26
Q

What is the mesocolon?

A

A mesentery that attaches the colon to the posterior abdominal wall. Carries blood and lymphatic vessels to the intestines

27
Q

What is NOT a primary function of the large intestine?

A

Regulation of blood glucose

28
Q

What is mastication?

A

Chewing, crushing and breaking into smaller fragments - easier to move through digestive tract

29
Q

Describe the process of ingestion?

A

Material enters the digestive tract via mouth - mouth starts the process of mechanical and chemical actions

30
Q

What is pyloric stenosis & where does it occur?

A

Condition in infants that blocks food from entering small intestine. Happens in the pylorus valve (narrow opening between stomach and duodenum)

31
Q

What is pancreatitis? & what can it be caused by?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas - heavy alcohol use

32
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A

“brain of the gut”

33
Q

What three organs are part of the enteric nerves system?

A

Gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and gall bladder

34
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

network of nerves that relaxes our body after periods of stress or danger - also helps run life sustaining processes like digestion. PSS stimulation via the vagus nerve increases GI tract and motility

35
Q

What is sympathetic nervous system?

A

Network of nerves that helps our body activate its ‘fight or flight’ response - this systems activity increases when we are stressed, in danger or physically active

36
Q

What are salivary glands?

A

Within the mouth. They release saliva which keeps mouth and pharynx moist and clean.

37
Q

Name the 3 salivary glands within the mouth?

A
  • Parotid (watery texture)
  • Submandibular
  • sublingual
    Both subs are mucous rich
38
Q

What happens when food enters the mouth?

A

Secretion increases to lubricate and dissolve to begin chemical digestion

39
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A

Secretes mucous, transports food

40
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

organ in digestive and endocrine system - exocrine pancreas produces enzymes that help to digest food, particularly protein

41
Q

What are some of the liver and gallbladder functions?

A
  • Carbohydrate metabolism (glycogen - glucose)
  • fat metabolism
42
Q

Name the 3 regions of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

43
Q

What is the role of bile?

A

Bile is fluid that is made and released by liver - it breaks down fats into fatty acids which can be taken into body from digestive tract

44
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

The gallbladder

45
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Series of wave like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

46
Q

What is the illeocaecal sprincter?

A

Small opening with large nerve plexus between small and large intestine

47
Q

What are the four regions of the large intestine?

A

Caecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal

48
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbon

49
Q

What are amino acids?

A

These serve as building blocks of proteins. They are molecules that all loving things need to make protein

Life Sciences For Paramedics (14 decks)

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