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Life Sciences For Paramedics > Integumentary System & Wound and tissue repair > Flashcards

Integumentary System & Wound and tissue repair Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the integumentary system?

A

Skin, hair, nails and glands

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2
Q

What is the epidermis?

A
  • Outermost layer of the skin (top layer)
  • Acts as a protective barrier
  • Makes new skin
  • Protects body
  • Provides skin colour (contains melanin)
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3
Q

What is melanin?

A

It is a pigment that protects against damage by ultraviolet radiation - determines the colour of your skin

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4
Q

What is another name for the subcutaneous layer?

A

Hypodermis

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5
Q

What are the 3 major cells that make up the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes - produce protein keratin
Melanocytes - skin pigment known as melanin
Langerhan cells - prevent things from getting into skin

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6
Q

What is the dermis?

A

The middle layer - composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibres

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7
Q

What epidermal cell has a role in immunity and disease resistance?

A

Langerhans cells

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8
Q

What layer of epidermis is composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes?

A

Stratum basale

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9
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Middle layer of skin. It’s tole is to support and protect the skin and deeper layers & assist in thermoregulation

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10
Q

What does thermoregulation mean?

A

Homeostatic process that maintains a seated internal body temp despite changes in external conditions

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11
Q

Where is the stratum lucidum present in?

A

Only present in thick skin

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12
Q

Constant exposure of skin to friction stimulates the formation of a callus which is the thickening of the … of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum

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13
Q

What layer of the skin is composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibres?

A

The dermis

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14
Q

Which of the following structures found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation?

A

Sweat glands

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15
Q

In this type of scar the scar tissue extends beyond the boundary of the injury into normal tissue?

A

Keloid scar

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16
Q

What condition is characterised by excessive body hair caused by tumours in adrenal glands, testes or ovaries?

A

Hirsutism

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17
Q

Which condition is due to a buildup of bilirubin pigment in the skin?

A

Jaundice

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18
Q

What term refers to redness of the skin such as seen in pts with inflammation, infection or heat exposure?

A

Erythema

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19
Q

Which term refers to planes of the skin such as seen in its with shock or anemia?

A

Pallor

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20
Q

Which term refers to an inflammation of the skin characterised by patches of redness, blistering and extreme itching?

A

Eczema

21
Q

A pt has stepped on a nail - list the sequential layers of strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to finally reach the dermis?

A

corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale

22
Q

What skin disorder involves inflammation of sebaceous glands by bacteria which thrive in the lipid rich sebum?

A

Acne

23
Q

What structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhibits bacterial growth on the surface of the skin?

A

Oil glands

24
Q

Where are the ceruminous glands located and what do they do?

A

Located in ear canal and are involved in producing a waxy secretion called cerumen which provides a sticky barrier that prevents entry of foreign bodies into air canal

25
Q

What is the stratum basale and what does it have ?

A

Deepest layer of skin
Has keratinocytes stem cells
Contains melanocytes

26
Q

What are melanocytes

A

Responsible for producing melanin - which provides the pigment of epidermis and absorbs harmful UV rays and protects cells form the sun.

27
Q

What are keratinocyte stem cells?

A

produces protein keratin which helps form hair, nails and skins outer layer

28
Q

What is the stratum granulosum?

A

this layer mainly consists of keratinocytes held together by sticky protein. this layer helps make the skin flexible and strong

29
Q

What are the sticky proteins called that hold together the keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum?

A

Desmosomes

30
Q

What is the stratum granulosum layer?

A

Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer

31
Q

What is the stratum lucidem?

A

Thin transparent layer of keratinocytes which become less round and have flatter shape

32
Q

What are dead keratinocytes called?

A

Corneocytes = strong dead (keratinocytes) which protect us from harm incl = abrasions, light, heat and pathogens.

33
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

Top layer of epidermis - keratinocytes become corneocytes

34
Q

What are merle cells?

A

Found in the epidermis but usually they exist in the bottom layer i.e. the Basale layer. They are close to nerve endings that receive the same sensation of touch.

35
Q

What are langerhan cells?

A

Found in the epidermis, and they prevent things from getting into our skin

36
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis called?

A

Reticular dermis
Papillary dermis

37
Q

What is the reticular dermis?

A

Bottom layer of dermis, thick, contains blood vessels consists of dense irregular connective tissues containing collagen and elastic fibres.

38
Q

What is the Papillary dermis?

A

Much thinner consists of areolar connective tissue containing thin collagen and elastic fibres.

39
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

Organ in skin that make and secrete sebum. Sebum is a substance that provides a protective coating for skin to help retain moisture – most of these glands connect to hair follicles.

40
Q

What are sweat glands? (name specific one)

A

Apocrine glands make thick sticky sweat and are moistly located in armpits and genital areas. These specific sweat glands make us swear when we’re feeling strong emotions like stress.

41
Q

What are ceruminous glands?

A

Works together with sebaceous glands in ear canal to make ear wax (only found in outer ear) - ear wax prevents entry of foreign bodies into air canal

42
Q

Why can skin regenerate at any age?

A

Because of the presence of stem cells in both epithelial and connective tissue

43
Q

What is the healing process like for an incision?

A

More faster

44
Q

What is the healing process like for an abrasion/laceration?

A

More slow healing

45
Q

What is stage 1 one skin repair?

A

Damage occurs extending through epidermis and dermis = bleeding will occur

46
Q

What is stage 2 of skin repair?

A

Blood will clot which restricts entry of additional unwanted micro organisms

47
Q

What happens in stage 3 of skin repair?

A

Growth and re building = blood cells including oxygen rich BC arrive to help build new tissue chemical signals tell the cells to create collagen.

48
Q

What happens in stage four of skin repairr?

A

loss of scab – fibroblasts continue to migrate and divide in the dermis to create scar tissue

49
Q

What is a keloid?

A

Too much collagen is produced in and around scar tissue – what is known as a keloid scar can form. This can be causes by any sort of skin injury one of the most common is it being caused by a body piercing

Life Sciences For Paramedics (15 decks)

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