Respiratory system

Question 1

Respiration?

Answer 1

Entire process of exchanging gasses between the atmosphere and the body cells.

Question 2

external respiration?

Answer 2

exchanging of gasses between blood and air in the lungs

Question 3

internal respiration?

Answer 3

exchanging of gasses between blood and body cells

Question 4

ventilation?

Answer 4

use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by cells

Question 5

Why do we need Oxygen?

Answer 5

it is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Question 6

What are the parts of the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 6

nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx

Question 7

what are the parts of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 7

larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs

Question 8

what type of cartilage makes the nose?

Answer 8

elastic

Question 9

What bones form the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

nasal, frontal, maxillary

Question 10

Nasopharynx?

Answer 10

respiration. pseudostratisfied ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 11

Oropharynx?

Answer 11

digestion. nonkeratinized stratisfied squamous epithelium

Question 12

laryngopharynx?

Answer 12

respiration. same as oropharynx

Question 13

What are the functions of the larynx?

Answer 13

prevents foreign objects from entering the trachea, passage of air in and out of lungs.

Question 14

9 cartilages that make up the larynx?

Answer 14

thyroid, cricothyroid, cricoid, tracheal, cuneiform, corniculate, arytenoid

Question 15

What is the function of the false vocal cords?

Answer 15

close off glottis to keep food out

Question 16

male vs female vocal cords?

Answer 16

male is more v shaped

Question 17

how do we speak?

Answer 17

pitch changed by amount of tension. modified by resonating chambers, position of lips, mouth and tongue.

Question 18

What is valsalvas maneuver?

Answer 18

closing of the glottis and contraction of the abdominal muscles

Question 19

describe the trachea.

Answer 19

extends from larynx to primary bronchi. made of smooth muscle and 20 c shaped rings of hyaline cartilage. open end of posterior to allow esophagus to expand in.

Question 20

Where is the trachea in relationship to the esophagus?

Answer 20

in front of the esophagus

Question 21

what muscle is found in the trachea?

Answer 21

trachealis

Question 22

what type of tissue lines the trachea?

Answer 22

pseudostratisfied ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 23

what is the carnia?

Answer 23

most sensitive area for cough reflex

Question 24

what membrane surrounds the lungs?

Answer 24

pleural membranes

Question 25

How do the right and left lungs differ?

Answer 25

Right is 3 lobes and 2 fissures, shorter. left is 2 lobes, 1 fissure, cardiac notch

Question 26

What 2 circulations supply the lungs?

Answer 26

pulmonary and bronchial

Question 27

What 3 types of cells would you find in an alveoli and what does each do?

Answer 27

1. simple squamous epithelium-type 1
2. type 2-secrete alveolar fluid
3. dust cells-macrophages

Question 28

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 28

lack of surfactant produced.`

Question 29

How does expiration occur?

Answer 29

passive relaxation.

Question 30

what is the primary factor which determines the resistance in the lungs?

Answer 30

diameter of the tubes

Question 31

what is lung compliance?

Answer 31

distensibility of lung tissue and alveolar tension, compliance of the thoracic wall

Question 32

what is eupnea?

Answer 32

normal breathing

Question 33

what is apnea?

Answer 33

temporary cessation of breathing

Question 34

what is dyspnea?

Answer 34

painful breathing

Question 35

What is anatomic dead space?

Answer 35

due to conducting parts of the system. equal to ideal weight in pounds

Question 36

Daltons law?

Answer 36

each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure as if alone

Question 37

henrys law?

Answer 37

the quantity of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and it’s solubility coefficient

Question 38

How is oxygen transported?

Answer 38

98% bound to heme.

Question 39

what is the bohr effect?

Answer 39

hemoglobins oxygen affinity is inversely related to both acidity and carbon dioxide concentration.

Question 40

What 3 ways does blood transport carbon dioxide

Answer 40

7% in plasma, 23 combined to form carbaminohemaglobin, and 70 % converted to bicarbonate