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HSF 2 > Lymphatic system > Flashcards

Lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. draining interstitial fluid.
  2. transporting dietary lipids
  3. protection
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2
Q

What is lymph?

A

interstitial fluid collected by lymph capillaries.

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3
Q

What are the 2 major lymphatic ducts?

A

Thoracic- 3/4 of the body.

right lymphatic duct-right arm and right side of upper torso

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4
Q

Where do these ducts empty into the circulating system?

A

subclavian vein

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5
Q

where would you find the cistern chyli

A

bottom end of thoracic duct

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6
Q

what are the primary organs of the lymphatic system?

A

red bone marrow and thymus gland

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7
Q

what are the secondary organs of the lymphatic duct?

A

lymph nodes, lymph nodules, spleen

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8
Q

describe the structure and the function of a lymph node.

A

made of a capsule, cortex, medulla. provide biological filtration

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9
Q

What does albumin do for the blood?

A

maintains osmotic pressure

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10
Q

what happens when the flow of lymph is blocked?

A

edema

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11
Q

What are lacteals and what do they do?

A

specialized lymphatic capillaries in villi of small intestine that transports lipids

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12
Q

What are lymph nodules?

A

follicular dendritic cells found in the cortex

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13
Q

what is MALT? what are peyer’s patches?

A

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue. Lymph nodules found in ileum

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14
Q

What are tonsils? 3 major tonsils?

A

lymphoid tissue under the mucous membranes of the throat. 1. palatine. 2. pharyngeal 3. lingual

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15
Q

What does the thymus do? Where is it located?

A

in mediastinum above the heart. produces thymosin-aids in maturation of T-cells

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16
Q

What is the white pulp of the spleen? Red pulp?

A

largest of the lymph organs, the spleen has white pulp-mostly b cells (islands) and red pulp-venous sinuses

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17
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

blood formation, blood filtration, and platelet storage

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18
Q

What is resistance?

A

ability to ward off disease

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19
Q

What is susceptibility?

A

lack of resistance

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20
Q

What lowers skin pH

A

lactic acid

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21
Q

What is lysozyme?

A

enzymes that damage bacterial cell walls.

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22
Q

How do transferrins prevent microbe growth?

A

tie up free iron

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23
Q

What is compliment?

A

10-20 normally inactive proteins that when activated, enhance certain immune reactions. (activate inflammation, opsonization, cytolysis

24
Q

How does fever help the body fight off infection?

A

causes liver and spleen to sequester iron, increases phagocytosis, inhibits microbe growth, speeds up body repair.

25
Q

4 cardinal signs of inflammation

A
  1. heat 2. swelling 3. redness 4. pain
26
Q

3 stages of inflammation

A
  1. vasodilation: increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. phagocyte migration. 3. tissue repair
27
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

the engulfing of a foreign cell

28
Q

Steps of phagocytosis:

A
  1. chemotaxis 2. adherence 3. ingestion
29
Q

What is adherence difficult?

A

some bacteria have a capsule surrounding them.

30
Q

What is a perforin?

A

pierces bacterial capsule

31
Q

What are natural killer cells?

A

next line of defense, lymphocytes that release perforin to look for antigen.

32
Q

What is the magic word?

A

specific

33
Q

what is the magic number?

A

2

34
Q

What is an antigen?

A

any substance that illicit an immune response

35
Q

what is a hapten?

A

small, foreign, and complex molecules that piggy back on other molecules.

36
Q

what is an epitope?

A

each antibody recognizes a different part of the protein, called an epitope

37
Q

What is an antigen presenting cell?

A

displays antigen to helper t cells until it finds one that has matching receptor for antigen complex.

38
Q

what is a cytokine?

A

protein hormone which regulates normal cell functions

39
Q

What is IgM?

A

1 antibodies produced. Pentamerous in nature.

40
Q

what is IgG?

A

Single unit. abundant in serum. Cross the placenta and have the longest half life

41
Q

How does cell mediated immunity resemble Antibody mediated immunity?

A

requires 2 stimuli and produces interlukin 2

42
Q

How does a Tc cell kill a virus infected cell?

A

perforins punch holes in the cell membrane, granzymes induce apoptosis

43
Q

What is a primary immune response?

A

1st time you encounter an antigen.

44
Q

What is a secondary immune response?

A

memory cells allow for faster immune response

45
Q

How do follicular dendrite cells help maintain immunity?

A

help b cells become marked as memory cells

46
Q

How does delayed hypersensitivity occur?

A

2nd time an antigen is encountered, Td cell produces several cytokines that attract and activate macrophages, resulting in an inflammatory reaction.

47
Q

How can we counter the effects of immediate hypersensitivity?

A

desensitize the person by giving allergen to stimulate IgG antibodies. These tie up the antigen before they can bind with IgE.

48
Q

What is autoimmunity?

A

the body recognizes itself as foreign

49
Q

What is an autograph?

A

skin rejection

50
Q

what is an allograph?

A

heart, lungs, kidney rejection

51
Q

what is an isograph?

A

allograph with genetic twins

52
Q

what is a xenograph?

A

between 2 species

53
Q

Natural active immunity?

A

person gets measels

54
Q

artificial active immunity?

A

immunization

55
Q

natural passive immunity

A

baby gets antibodies through milk

56
Q

artificial passive immunity

A

person receives antibodies through serum

HSF 2 (11 decks)

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