Endocrine system

Question 1

Exocrine glands

Answer 1

secrete products through ducts into body cavities or directly onto body surfaces

Question 2

endocrine glands

Answer 2

secrete products into interstitial fluid where it enters the blood.

Question 3

Circulating hormones

Answer 3

pass into blood and act on distant cells

Question 4

paracrine secretions

Answer 4

restricted to the interstitial fluid and affect only nearby cells

Question 5

autocrine secretions

Answer 5

affect only the secreting cell itself

Question 6

How are circulating hormones inactivated and or removed from the body?

Answer 6

inactivated by the liver and excreted by the kidneys

Question 7

Why do hormones only affect certain organs?

Answer 7

hormones only affect specific target cells that have receptors to recognize it

Question 8

What hormones are steroids?

Answer 8

Cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, testosterone

Question 9

Can steroid hormones be taken orally?

Answer 9

yes. They aren’t broken down and are fat soluble.

Question 10

How are amino acid hormones usually administered?

Answer 10

subcutaneously

Question 11

Prostaglandins

Answer 11

affect wide variety of tissue. Increase bp, uterine contractions, blood clotting, pain, inflammation.

Question 12

leukotrines

Answer 12

affect white blood cells. mediate inflammation and some allergic rxn’s

Question 13

What are 3 ways hormones are regulated?

Answer 13

1. tropic hormones stimulate other glands to secrete their hormones. 2. respond directly to changes in the internal environment. 3. nervous system stimulates glands directly.

Question 14

What protects the pituitary gland?

Answer 14

sphenoid bone

Question 15

Describe the structure of the pituitary gland

Answer 15

master gland located under the hypophysis. 75% anterior, 25% posterior. The hypothalamus is where the hormones are actually made, but the infundibulum connects the two together.

Question 16

How is oxytocin controlled?

Answer 16

With a positive feedback loop

Question 17

What is common condition is caused by hyper secretion of ADH

Answer 17

diabetes insipidus

Question 18

What is another name for the anterior pituitary?

Answer 18

adenohypophysis

Question 19

How is the anterior pituitary controlled?

Answer 19

by hormones released by the hypothalamus

Question 20

What is a tropic hormone?

Answer 20

hormones that stimulate other organs to produce their hormones.

Question 21

When is hGH secreted?

Answer 21

after sleep. Peaks in adolescence

Question 22

hypo secretion of hGH?

Answer 22

dwarfism

Question 23

hyper secretion of hGH?

Answer 23

acromegaly

Question 24

What does prolactin do?

Answer 24

males: decreases LH production. Females: responsible for milk production and letdown

Question 25

What is melanocyte stimulating hormone tied with and what does it do?

Answer 25

adrenocorticotropic hormone. Causes dark skin color and leads to Addison's disease

Question 26

What is iodine needed for in the body?

Answer 26

to produce T3 and T4 in the thyroid.

Question 27

Hyper secretion of T3 and T4?

Answer 27

graves disease: exopthalmos and goiter

Question 28

hypo secretion of T3 and T4?

Answer 28

Hashimoto's, cretinism, myxedema

Question 29

Is calcitonin critical in calcium balance?

Answer 29

no. as long as parathyroid is functional.

Question 30

3 parts of Adrenal Cortex?

Answer 30

1. Zona glomerulosa: produces aldosterone 2. Zona Fasciculata: cortisol 3. Zona Zeticularis: androgens

Question 31

Hypo secretion of cortisol?

Answer 31

cushings syndrome

Question 32

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 32

under production of insulin

Question 33

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 33

lack of insulin receptors

Question 34

What is the 3rd eye?

Answer 34

pineal gland

Question 35

What produces thymosins?

Answer 35

Thymus gland

Question 36

What produces erythropoietin?

Answer 36

kidneys