Respiratory System Flashcards
Which of the following components increase(s) as a proportion of the respiratory tract wall from the trachea to the alveoli?
a. Cilia
b. Elastic fibers
c. Smooth muscle
d. Cartilage
e. Goblet cells
b. Elastic fibers
Air moving rapidly across the vocal cords and causing them to vibrate and produce sound is contacting what type of epithelium?
a. Pseudostratified ciliated
b. Stratified squamous keratinized
c. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized
d. Simple squamous
e. Simple cuboidal
c. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized
Which structural feature distinguishes between terminal and respiratory bronchioles?
a. Alveoli
b. Cilia
c. Exocrine bronchiolar cells
d. Mucous glands in lamina propria
e. Smooth muscle
a. Alveoli
Which of the following features distinguishes a bronchus within a lung from the primary bronchi?
a. Glands in the submucosa
b. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
c. Smooth muscle in the wall
d. Irregular plates of cartilage
e. Goblet cells in the epithelium
d. Irregular plates of cartilage
Which feature involved in the protection of the respiratory tract is absent from the digestive tract?
a. Goblet cells
b. Cilia
c. Lymphoid nodules
d. Secretory IgA
e. Tight junctions
b. Cilia
Which of the following is true of pulmonary surfactant?
a. Secreted by type I pneumocytes
b. Forms layer rich in phospholipid overlying a thin aqueous phase
c. Prevents alveolar collapse by increasing surface tension
d. Does not affect bacterial survival
e. Is secreted by goblet cells
b. Forms layer rich in phospholipid overlying a thin aqueous phase
The pulmonary (functional) and bronchial (nutritive) arterial systems enter the lungs separately at the hilus but anastomose into a single system at which level?
a. Bronchi
b. Larynx
c. Terminal bronchioles
d. Segmental bronchioles
e. Respiratory bronchioles
e. Respiratory bronchioles
After 35 weeks of gestation, a 5-lb 5-oz girl is born to a 30-year-old gravid 2, para 2 (G2P2) woman. The infant has rapid and labored breathing, which is viewed as transient tachypnea of the newborn. The infant’s 1- and 5-min APGAR scores are 8 and 9, respectively. She has respiratory distress, with a normal pulse and no heart murmurs. She is transported to the neonatal intensive care unit with worsening tachypnea. In this infant which of the following is likely to be involved?
a. Failure of the type I pneumocytes to form complete blood-air barriers
b. Absence of elastic fibers from the bronchiolar walls and internal alveolar septa
c. Failure of type II pneumocytes to complete differentiation and become fully functional
d. Failure of type II pneumocyte progenitors to proliferate adequately during gestation
e. Inadequate development of the parietal and visceral pleura
c. Failure of type II pneumocytes to complete differentiation and become fully functional
A teenage girl presents at the ER with paroxysms of dyspnea, cough, and wheezing. Her parents indicate that she had these “attacks” during the past winter and that they have worsened and become more frequent during the spring. Which of the following cell types and their location is correctly matched to a function it may perform in this patient’s disorder?
a. Cilia in alveolar ducts, enhanced mucociliary transport
b. Plasma cells in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT),
bronchoconstriction
c. Eosinophils in BALT, bronchodilation
d. Goblet cells in bronchioles, hyposecretion
e. Mast cells in BALT, bronchoconstriction, and edema
e. Mast cells in BALT, bronchoconstriction, and edema
A 28-year-old man is diagnosed with a testicular germ cell tumor. The tumor is surgically removed and he begins chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin. Bleomycin chemotherapy is known to affect the lung blood-air barrier. Which of the following best describes the structural site of those effects?
a. Fused basal laminae of epithelial and endothelial cells
b. Alveolar pores of Kohn
c. Alveolar macrophages in interalveolar septa
d. Type II pneumocytes linked by junctional complexes
e. Smooth muscle cells of the pulmonary and bronchial arteries
a. Fused basal laminae of epithelial and endothelial cells
