Digestive System Flashcards
In which of the following structures of the oral cavity would taste buds be localized in the highest concentration?
a. Fungiform papillae
b. Gingiva
c. Filiform papillae
d. Ventral surface of the tongue
e. Vallate papillae
e. Vallate papillae
Certain antibiotic therapies slow the replacement of the cells lining the small intestine. This may cause the loss of what tissue type?
a. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
b. Simple cuboidal epithelium
c. Simple columnar epithelium
d. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
e. Stratified squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium
c. Simple columnar epithelium
The teniae coli of the large intestine represent an organ-specific specialization of which layer of the intestinal tract wall?
a. Epithelium
b. Lamina propria
c. Muscularis mucosa
d. Muscularis externa
e. Serosa
d. Muscularis externa
Which of the following would most likely result from a reduction in the number of Paneth cells?
a. Thinning of the glycocalyx
b. Reduced breakdown of fats
c. Elevated levels of undigested proteins
d. Decreased mucus in the intestine
e. Increased number of intestinal bacteria
e. Increased number of intestinal bacteria
A medical student on a rotation in the pathology laboratory is given an unlabeled microscope slide with tissue provided by a gastroenterologist from a cancer patient she is attending. The mucosa and submucosa are poorly preserved, with only the thick muscularis well-stained, showing striated fibers. The slide most likely shows a biopsy of which region of the GI tract.
a. Pyloric sphincter
b. Esophagus
c. Colon
d. Corpus of the stomach
e. Ileum
b. Esophagus
Diarrhea may result if which of the following organs fails to carry out its role in absorbing water from the feces?
a. Anal canal
b. Cecum
c. Colon
d. Jejunum
e. Duodenum
c. Colon
Which of the following is true of the absorptive cells of the small intestine?
a. Also called enteroendocrine cells
b. Have many microvilli covering their basal surfaces
c. Absorb lipids by active transport
d. Synthesize triglycerides from absorbed lipids
e. Undergo mitosis at tips of villi and are sloughed off into crypts
d. Synthesize triglycerides from absorbed lipids
A 52-year-old man is diagnosed with a carcinoid after an appendectomy. The enteroendocrine cells producing this disorder differ from goblet cells in which of the following?
a. The direction of release of secretion
b. The use of exocytosis for release of secretory product
c. Their presence in the small and large intestines
d. The origin from a crypt stem cell
e. Their location in a simple columnar epithelium
a. The direction of release of secretion
A 14-month-old girl is brought to the pediatric dentistry clinic because her erupted deciduous teeth are opalescent with fractured and chipped surfaces. X-rays reveal bulb-shaped crowns, thin roots, and enlarged central cavities. Tissue immediately surrounding one tooth’s central cavity is biopsied and prepared for histology, which reveals irregular, widely spaced tubules. Which of the following
applies to this irregular tissue layer?
a. It has a composition similar to that of bone and is produced by
cells similar in appearance to osteocytes.
b. It is formed on a noncollagenous matrix that is resorbed after
mineralization by the same cells that secreted it.
c. It contains abundant nerves, microvasculature, and loose connective tissue.
d. It consists of mineralized collagen secreted by cells derived from
the neural crest.
e. It is the site of inflammation in diabetic patients and is sensitive
to vitamin C deficiency
d. It consists of mineralized collagen secreted by cells derived from
the neural crest.
A 39-year-old woman presents with dyspnea, fatigue, pallor, tachycardia, anosmia, and diarrhea. Laboratory results are hematocrit 32% (normal 36.1%-44.3%), MCV 102 fL (normal 78-98 fL), 0.3% reticulocytes (normal 0.5%-2.0%), 95 pg/mL vitamin B12 (normal 200-900 pg/mL), and an abnormal stage I of the Schilling test. Autoantibodies are detected against a cell type located in one region of the GI tract. In which regions would those cells be found?
a. Esophagus
b. Body of the stomach
c. Pyloric region of the stomach
d. Cardiac region of the stomach
e. Duodenum
b. Body of the stomach
