Connective Tissue Proper

Question 1

Enumerate the CELLS OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES.

Answer 1

1. FIBROBLASTS
2. ADIPOCYTES
3. MACROPHAGES & MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM
4. MAST CELLS
5. PLASMA CELLS
6. LEUKOCYTES

Question 2

It is the MAJOR CELL of connective tissue proper.

Function; It SYNTHESIZE and SECRETE collagen and elastin.

Found; Mesenchymal cells, skin, and tendon.

Answer 2

Fibroblasts

Question 3

It has VERY LARGE CELLS specialized for the storage of triglycerides.

Function; Energy storage

Location; Mammary gland, renal, and mesenteries

Answer 3

Adipocytes

Question 4

It is used for TURNOVER, PHAGOCYTOSIS of DEAD CELLS, DEBRIS, and ANTIGEN presentation to lymphocytes. It is referred to by pathologists as “histiocytes.”

Function; Innate immunity, normal tissue development, homeostasis, and repair of damaged tissue.

Location; Lymphoid organ organs, bone marrow, and lungs.

Answer 4

Macrophages & Mononuclear Phagocyte System

Question 5

OVAL or IRREGULARLY CELLS are filled with basophilic secretory granules that often obscure the central nucleus and are displayed by METACHROMASIA.

Function; It releases many bioactive substances.

Location; Loose connective tissue

Answer 5

Mast Cells

Question 6

Molecules of MAST CELLS that are known as DEFENSE MECHANISMS promote increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction.

Answer 6

Histamine

Question 7

Molecules of MAST CELLS that ATTRACTS to those leukocytes (WBC).

Answer 7

Eosinophil

Question 8

Molecules of MAST CELLS ACTIVATE various mediators of inflammation.

Answer 8

Serine Protease

Question 9

Molecules of MAST CELLS sulfated the GAGs (Glycosaminoglycans) that act locally as an ANTICOAGULANT.

Answer 9

Heparin

Question 10

What type of liquid does ECM (Extracellular Matrix) have?

Answer 10

Interstitial Fluid

Question 11

It had LYMPHOCYTE-DERIVED, ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.

Functions; Secreting immunoglobulin or antibodies.

Location; Bone Marrow

Answer 11

Plasma Cells

Question 12

It undergoes a process called CHEMOTAXIS.

Functions; Protects against illness and disease.

Location; Bone marrow

Answer 12

Leukocytes

Question 13

What are the THREE SUBUNITS of COLLAGEN FIBER?

Answer 13

1. Fibril-forming Collagens
2. Network-forming Collagens
3. Linking/Anchoring Collagens

Question 14

It allows the DIFFUSION of small molecules, the WATERY, largely unstained extracellular material that is more abundant than fibers in some types of connective tissue proper.

Answer 14

Ground Substance

Question 15

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) also called?

Answer 15

Mucopolysaccharides

Question 16

These are LONG POLYMERS of repeating disaccharide units, usually hexosamine and uronic acid.

Answer 16

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Question 17

The LARGEST and MOST UBITIQOUS GAG is?

Answer 17

Hyaluronan

Question 18

It consists of a CORE PROTEIN to which are covalently attached various numbers and combinations of the sulfated GAGs.

Answer 18

Proteoglycans

Question 19

What is the BEST STUDIED for Proteoglycan?

Answer 19

Aggrecan

Question 20

What is the KEY Proteoglycan in basal laminae?

Answer 20

Perlecan

Question 21

Water in the GROUND SUBSTANCE of connective tissue.

Answer 21

Interstitial Fluid

Question 22

What are the TWO MAIN forces acting on Interstitial Fluid through CAPILLARIES?

Answer 22

1. Osmotic Pressure
2. Hydrostatic Pressure

Question 23

It is a pressure that can be caused by the BLOOD-PUMPING action of the heart?

Answer 23

Hydrostatic Pressure

Question 24

It is a pressure that PRODUCES plasma proteins such as ALBUMIN.

Answer 24

Osmotic Pressure

Question 25

It is a type of EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is GELATINOUS with sparse collagen fibers and scattered fibroblasts. Functions; Supports and cushions large blood vessels. Location; The Umbilical Cord as WHARTON's JELLY.

Answer 25

Mucoid Connective Tissue

Question 26

What are the TWO TYPES of Adipose Tissue?

Answer 26

1. White Adipose Tissue 2. Brown Adipose Tissue

Question 27

Adipocytes also known as UNILOCULAR and it is VERY LARGE and contain a single huge droplet of lipid filing.

Answer 27

White Adipose Tissue

Question 28

It is a peptide hormone RELEASED or PRODUCED from adipose tissue and encoded by the obese (ob) gene.

Answer 28

Leptin

Question 29

It contains cells with MULTIPLE LIPID DROPLET interspersed among abundant mitochondria, which helps give this tissue a darker appearance. Function; Production of heat (Thermogenesis) Location; If NEWBORN it is located in the back, neck, and shoulder If ADULT it is located in the kidneys, adrenal glands, aorta, and mediastinum

Answer 29

Brown Adipose Tissue

Question 30

It is known as the TOUGH, DURABLE form of supporting connective tissue and it is characterized by Extracellular Matrix (ECM) with HIGH CONCENTRATION of GAGs and proteoglycans.

Answer 30

Cartilage

Question 31

What are the THREE TYPES of Cartilage?

Answer 31

1. Hyaline Cartilage 2. Fibrocartilage 3. Elastic Cartilage

Question 32

What are the PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CARTILAGE?

Answer 32

Type II Collagen, Hyaluronan, and GAGs

Question 33

It is a SHEATH of Dense Connective Tissue that surrounds cartilage in most places.

Answer 33

Perichondrium

Question 34

It is the MOST COMMON of the three cartilage that is HOMOGENOUS and SEMI-TRANSPARENT in a fresh state. Function; Provides smooth, low-friction surfaces in joints; Structural support for the respiratory tract Location; Upper Respiratory Tract (Larynx, Nasal Cavity, and Bronchi)

Answer 34

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 35

It is essentially SIMILAR to HYALINE CARTILAGE except that it contains an abundant network of ELASTIC FIBERS in addition to a meshwork of COLLAGEN TYPE II FIBRILIN. Function; Provides flexible shape and support of soft tissues. Location; External ear, Epiglottis, and Laryngeal Cartilage.

Answer 35

Elastic Cartilage

Question 36

It is a various forms in DIFFERENT STRUCTURES but is essentially a mingling of HYALINE, DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and NON-PRESENCE of PERICHONDRIUM. Function; Provides cushioning, tensile strength, and resistance to tearing and compression. Location; Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, meniscus, and certain other joints; insertions of tendons.

Answer 36

Fibrocartilage

Question 37

All cartilage forms from embryonic mesenchyme in the process of WHAT?

Answer 37

Chondrogenesis