Connective Tissue Proper Flashcards
Enumerate the CELLS OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES.
- FIBROBLASTS
- ADIPOCYTES
- MACROPHAGES & MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM
- MAST CELLS
- PLASMA CELLS
- LEUKOCYTES
It is the MAJOR CELL of connective tissue proper.
Function; It SYNTHESIZE and SECRETE collagen and elastin.
Found; Mesenchymal cells, skin, and tendon.
Fibroblasts
It has VERY LARGE CELLS specialized for the storage of triglycerides.
Function; Energy storage
Location; Mammary gland, renal, and mesenteries
Adipocytes
It is used for TURNOVER, PHAGOCYTOSIS of DEAD CELLS, DEBRIS, and ANTIGEN presentation to lymphocytes. It is referred to by pathologists as “histiocytes.”
Function; Innate immunity, normal tissue development, homeostasis, and repair of damaged tissue.
Location; Lymphoid organ organs, bone marrow, and lungs.
Macrophages & Mononuclear Phagocyte System
OVAL or IRREGULARLY CELLS are filled with basophilic secretory granules that often obscure the central nucleus and are displayed by METACHROMASIA.
Function; It releases many bioactive substances.
Location; Loose connective tissue
Mast Cells
Molecules of MAST CELLS that are known as DEFENSE MECHANISMS promote increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction.
Histamine
Molecules of MAST CELLS that ATTRACTS to those leukocytes (WBC).
Eosinophil
Molecules of MAST CELLS ACTIVATE various mediators of inflammation.
Serine Protease
Molecules of MAST CELLS sulfated the GAGs (Glycosaminoglycans) that act locally as an ANTICOAGULANT.
Heparin
What type of liquid does ECM (Extracellular Matrix) have?
Interstitial Fluid
It had LYMPHOCYTE-DERIVED, ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.
Functions; Secreting immunoglobulin or antibodies.
Location; Bone Marrow
Plasma Cells
It undergoes a process called CHEMOTAXIS.
Functions; Protects against illness and disease.
Location; Bone marrow
Leukocytes
What are the THREE SUBUNITS of COLLAGEN FIBER?
- Fibril-forming Collagens
- Network-forming Collagens
- Linking/Anchoring Collagens
It allows the DIFFUSION of small molecules, the WATERY, largely unstained extracellular material that is more abundant than fibers in some types of connective tissue proper.
Ground Substance
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) also called?
Mucopolysaccharides
These are LONG POLYMERS of repeating disaccharide units, usually hexosamine and uronic acid.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
The LARGEST and MOST UBITIQOUS GAG is?
Hyaluronan
It consists of a CORE PROTEIN to which are covalently attached various numbers and combinations of the sulfated GAGs.
Proteoglycans
What is the BEST STUDIED for Proteoglycan?
Aggrecan
What is the KEY Proteoglycan in basal laminae?
Perlecan
Water in the GROUND SUBSTANCE of connective tissue.
Interstitial Fluid
What are the TWO MAIN forces acting on Interstitial Fluid through CAPILLARIES?
- Osmotic Pressure
- Hydrostatic Pressure
It is a pressure that can be caused by the BLOOD-PUMPING action of the heart?
Hydrostatic Pressure
It is a pressure that PRODUCES plasma proteins such as ALBUMIN.
Osmotic Pressure
It is a type of EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is GELATINOUS with sparse collagen fibers and scattered fibroblasts.
Functions; Supports and cushions large blood vessels.
Location; The Umbilical Cord as WHARTON’s JELLY.
Mucoid Connective Tissue
What are the TWO TYPES of Adipose Tissue?
- White Adipose Tissue
- Brown Adipose Tissue
Adipocytes also known as UNILOCULAR and it is VERY LARGE and contain a single huge droplet of lipid filing.
White Adipose Tissue
It is a peptide hormone RELEASED or PRODUCED from adipose tissue and encoded by the obese (ob) gene.
Leptin
It contains cells with MULTIPLE LIPID DROPLET interspersed among abundant mitochondria, which helps give this tissue a darker appearance.
Function; Production of heat (Thermogenesis)
Location;
If NEWBORN it is located in the back, neck, and shoulder
If ADULT it is located in the kidneys, adrenal glands, aorta, and mediastinum
Brown Adipose Tissue
It is known as the TOUGH, DURABLE form of supporting connective tissue and it is characterized by Extracellular Matrix (ECM) with HIGH CONCENTRATION of GAGs and proteoglycans.
Cartilage
What are the THREE TYPES of Cartilage?
- Hyaline Cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic Cartilage
What are the PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CARTILAGE?
Type II Collagen, Hyaluronan, and GAGs
It is a SHEATH of Dense Connective Tissue that surrounds cartilage in most places.
Perichondrium
It is the MOST COMMON of the three cartilage that is HOMOGENOUS and SEMI-TRANSPARENT in a fresh state.
Function; Provides smooth, low-friction surfaces in joints; Structural support for the respiratory tract
Location; Upper Respiratory Tract (Larynx, Nasal Cavity, and Bronchi)
Hyaline Cartilage
It is essentially SIMILAR to HYALINE CARTILAGE except that it contains an abundant network of ELASTIC FIBERS in
addition to a meshwork of COLLAGEN TYPE II FIBRILIN.
Function; Provides flexible shape and support of soft tissues.
Location; External ear, Epiglottis, and Laryngeal Cartilage.
Elastic Cartilage
It is a various forms in DIFFERENT STRUCTURES but is essentially a mingling of HYALINE, DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and NON-PRESENCE of PERICHONDRIUM.
Function; Provides cushioning, tensile strength, and resistance to tearing and compression.
Location; Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, meniscus, and certain other joints; insertions of tendons.
Fibrocartilage
All cartilage forms from embryonic mesenchyme in the process of WHAT?
Chondrogenesis
