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HUMAN HISTOLOGY > Connective Tissue Proper > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Proper Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate the CELLS OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES.

A
  1. FIBROBLASTS
  2. ADIPOCYTES
  3. MACROPHAGES & MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM
  4. MAST CELLS
  5. PLASMA CELLS
  6. LEUKOCYTES
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2
Q

It is the MAJOR CELL of connective tissue proper.

Function; It SYNTHESIZE and SECRETE collagen and elastin.

Found; Mesenchymal cells, skin, and tendon.

A

Fibroblasts

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3
Q

It has VERY LARGE CELLS specialized for the storage of triglycerides.

Function; Energy storage

Location; Mammary gland, renal, and mesenteries

A

Adipocytes

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4
Q

It is used for TURNOVER, PHAGOCYTOSIS of DEAD CELLS, DEBRIS, and ANTIGEN presentation to lymphocytes. It is referred to by pathologists as “histiocytes.”

Function; Innate immunity, normal tissue development, homeostasis, and repair of damaged tissue.

Location; Lymphoid organ organs, bone marrow, and lungs.

A

Macrophages & Mononuclear Phagocyte System

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5
Q

OVAL or IRREGULARLY CELLS are filled with basophilic secretory granules that often obscure the central nucleus and are displayed by METACHROMASIA.

Function; It releases many bioactive substances.

Location; Loose connective tissue

A

Mast Cells

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6
Q

Molecules of MAST CELLS that are known as DEFENSE MECHANISMS promote increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction.

A

Histamine

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7
Q

Molecules of MAST CELLS that ATTRACTS to those leukocytes (WBC).

A

Eosinophil

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8
Q

Molecules of MAST CELLS ACTIVATE various mediators of inflammation.

A

Serine Protease

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9
Q

Molecules of MAST CELLS sulfated the GAGs (Glycosaminoglycans) that act locally as an ANTICOAGULANT.

A

Heparin

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10
Q

What type of liquid does ECM (Extracellular Matrix) have?

A

Interstitial Fluid

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11
Q

It had LYMPHOCYTE-DERIVED, ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.

Functions; Secreting immunoglobulin or antibodies.

Location; Bone Marrow

A

Plasma Cells

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12
Q

It undergoes a process called CHEMOTAXIS.

Functions; Protects against illness and disease.

Location; Bone marrow

A

Leukocytes

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13
Q

What are the THREE SUBUNITS of COLLAGEN FIBER?

A
  1. Fibril-forming Collagens
  2. Network-forming Collagens
  3. Linking/Anchoring Collagens
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14
Q

It allows the DIFFUSION of small molecules, the WATERY, largely unstained extracellular material that is more abundant than fibers in some types of connective tissue proper.

A

Ground Substance

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15
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) also called?

A

Mucopolysaccharides

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16
Q

These are LONG POLYMERS of repeating disaccharide units, usually hexosamine and uronic acid.

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

17
Q

The LARGEST and MOST UBITIQOUS GAG is?

A

Hyaluronan

18
Q

It consists of a CORE PROTEIN to which are covalently attached various numbers and combinations of the sulfated GAGs.

A

Proteoglycans

19
Q

What is the BEST STUDIED for Proteoglycan?

A

Aggrecan

20
Q

What is the KEY Proteoglycan in basal laminae?

A

Perlecan

21
Q

Water in the GROUND SUBSTANCE of connective tissue.

A

Interstitial Fluid

22
Q

What are the TWO MAIN forces acting on Interstitial Fluid through CAPILLARIES?

A
  1. Osmotic Pressure
  2. Hydrostatic Pressure
23
Q

It is a pressure that can be caused by the BLOOD-PUMPING action of the heart?

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

24
Q

It is a pressure that PRODUCES plasma proteins such as ALBUMIN.

A

Osmotic Pressure

25
Q

It is a type of EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is GELATINOUS with sparse collagen fibers and scattered fibroblasts.

Functions; Supports and cushions large blood vessels.

Location; The Umbilical Cord as WHARTON’s JELLY.

A

Mucoid Connective Tissue

26
Q

What are the TWO TYPES of Adipose Tissue?

A
  1. White Adipose Tissue
  2. Brown Adipose Tissue
27
Q

Adipocytes also known as UNILOCULAR and it is VERY LARGE and contain a single huge droplet of lipid filing.

A

White Adipose Tissue

28
Q

It is a peptide hormone RELEASED or PRODUCED from adipose tissue and encoded by the obese (ob) gene.

A

Leptin

29
Q

It contains cells with MULTIPLE LIPID DROPLET interspersed among abundant mitochondria, which helps give this tissue a darker appearance.

Function; Production of heat (Thermogenesis)

Location;

If NEWBORN it is located in the back, neck, and shoulder

If ADULT it is located in the kidneys, adrenal glands, aorta, and mediastinum

A

Brown Adipose Tissue

30
Q

It is known as the TOUGH, DURABLE form of supporting connective tissue and it is characterized by Extracellular Matrix (ECM) with HIGH CONCENTRATION of GAGs and proteoglycans.

A

Cartilage

31
Q

What are the THREE TYPES of Cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline Cartilage
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Elastic Cartilage
32
Q

What are the PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CARTILAGE?

A

Type II Collagen, Hyaluronan, and GAGs

33
Q

It is a SHEATH of Dense Connective Tissue that surrounds cartilage in most places.

A

Perichondrium

34
Q

It is the MOST COMMON of the three cartilage that is HOMOGENOUS and SEMI-TRANSPARENT in a fresh state.

Function; Provides smooth, low-friction surfaces in joints; Structural support for the respiratory tract

Location; Upper Respiratory Tract (Larynx, Nasal Cavity, and Bronchi)

A

Hyaline Cartilage

35
Q

It is essentially SIMILAR to HYALINE CARTILAGE except that it contains an abundant network of ELASTIC FIBERS in
addition to a meshwork of COLLAGEN TYPE II FIBRILIN.

Function; Provides flexible shape and support of soft tissues.

Location; External ear, Epiglottis, and Laryngeal Cartilage.

A

Elastic Cartilage

36
Q

It is a various forms in DIFFERENT STRUCTURES but is essentially a mingling of HYALINE, DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and NON-PRESENCE of PERICHONDRIUM.

Function; Provides cushioning, tensile strength, and resistance to tearing and compression.

Location; Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, meniscus, and certain other joints; insertions of tendons.

A

Fibrocartilage

37
Q

All cartilage forms from embryonic mesenchyme in the process of WHAT?

A

Chondrogenesis

HUMAN HISTOLOGY (12 decks)

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