Muscular Tissue Flashcards
It is composed of cells that optimize the universal cell property of CONTRACTILITY.
Muscle Tissue
What are the THREE TYPES of Muscle Tissue?
- Skeletal Muscle
- Cardiac Muscle
- Smooth Muscle
It contains BUNDLES OF VERY LONG, MULTI-NUCLEATED CELLS with CROSS-STRIATIONS.
Skeletal Muscle
It has CROSS-STRIATIONS and is COMPOSED OF ELONGATED, often BRANCHED CELLS bound to one another at structures called INTERCALATED DISCS, which are unique to cardiac muscle.
Cardiac Muscle
It consists of collections of FUSIFORM CELLS, which LACK STRIATIONS, HAVE SLOW INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTION.
Smooth Muscle
It is the CYTOPLASM of muscle cells often called?
Sarcoplasm
It is the SMOOTH ER of muscle cells?
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
the MUSCLE CELL MEMBRANE and its external lamina are the?
Sarcolemma
The process of TISSUE GROWTH is characterized by INCREASED CELL VOLUME.
Hypertrophy
The process of TISSUE GROWTH by an INCREASED in the NUMBER OF CELLS.
Hyperplasia
It consists of MUSCLE FIBERS, which are LONG, CYLINDRICAL MULTINUCLEATED CELLS with diameters of 10-100 μm.
Skeletal Muscle
A SMALL POPULATION of RESERVEV PROGENITOR CELLS called muscle?
Satellite Cells
Organization of Skeletal Muscle
It is an EXTERNAL SHEATH of DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE, that surrounds the entire muscle.
Epimysium
Organization of Skeletal Muscle
A THIN CONNECTIVE TISSUE LAYER that immediately surrounds each BUNDLE OF MUSCLE FIBERS termed a FASCICLE.
Perimysium
Organization of Skeletal Muscle
VERY THIN, DELICATE LAYER OF RETICULAR FIBERS, and SCATTERED FIBROBLASTS that enveloped individual muscle fiber.
Endomysium
All three layers plus the DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE of the DEEP FASCIA, which overlies the epimysium, are continuous with the tough connective tissue of a tendon at what?
Which joins the muscle to the bone, skin, or another muscle.
Myotendinous Junctions
The sarcoplasm is HIGHLY ORGANIZED, CONTAINING PRIMARILY LONG CYLINDRICAL FILAMENTS BUNDLES called?
Myofibrils
The DARK BANDS on the MYOFIBRILS are called?
A bands
The LIGHT BANDS on the MYOFIBRILS are called?
I bands
The DARK TRANSVERSE LINE on the MYOFIBRILS is called?
Z discs
The A and I BANDING PATTERN in SARCOMERES is due mainly to the regular arrangement of thick and thin myofilaments, composed of?
Myosin and F-actin
It is a LARGE COMPLEX with TWO IDENTICAL HEAVY CHAINS and TWO PAIRS OF LIGHT CHAIN.
Myosin
A THIN, HELICAL FILAMENTS that run BETWEEN THE THICK FILAMENTS.
F-actin
What are the TWO TIGHTLY ASSOCIATED regulatory proteins in the thin filaments?
- Tropomyosin
- Troponin (TnC, TnT, TnI)
A 40-nm-long coil of TWO POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS located in the groove between the two twisted actin strands.
Tropomyosin
A complex of THREE SUBUNITS: TnT, which attaches to tropomyosin; TnC, which binds Ca2+; and TnI, which regulates the actin-myosin interaction.
Troponin
Actin filaments are ANCHORED perpendicularly on the Z DISC
by the actin-binding protein.
α-actinin
It SUPPORTS the THICK MYOFILAMENTS and CONNECTS them to the Z disc.
Titin
BINDS EACH thin myofilament laterally.
Nebulin
Parts or involved in the I band?
- α-actinin
- Titin
- Nebulin
Parts or involved in the A band?
- H zone
- M line
It contains a MYOSIN-BINDING PROTEIN that HOLDS THICK FILAMENTS.
Myomesin
This ENZYME CATALYZE is the TRANSFER OF PHOSPHATE GROUP from PHOSPHOCREATINE, a storage form of high-energy phosphate groups, to ADP, helping to supply ATP for muscle contraction.
Creatine Kinase
The corresponding to a region with only the ROD-LIKE PORTIONS of the MYOSIN MOLECULE and NO THIN FILAMENTS.
H zone
BISECTS the H zone that CONTAINS
MYOMESIN & CREATINE KINASE.
M line
It is the TWO-TERMINAL CISTERNS of SR contact a deep invagination of the SARCOLEMMA that has TUBULAR INFOLDINGS.
Transverse or T-tubules
Cisternae that are ADJACENT TO T-TUBULES forming a TRIAD.
Terminal Cisternae
It is the contraction induced when an action potential arrives at a synapse and is transmitted along the T-tubules to terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger Ca2+ release.
Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
It is the SENSORY RECEPTOR that PROVIDES THE CNS with DATA from the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.
Proprioceptors
SENSORY PROPRIOCEPTOR in which SENSORY AXONS wrap around intrafusal fibers in small specialized fascicles; mediate reflexes of varying complexity.
Muscle spindles
SMALLER ENCAPSULATED STRUCTURES that enclose SENSORY AXONS penetrating among the COLLAGEN FIBERS at the MYOTENDINOUS JUNCTION; detect changes in tension within tendons.
Golgi Tendon Organ
SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES
MUSCLE FIBERS are ADAPTED FOR SLOW CONTRACTIONS over long periods WITHOUT FATIGUE.
Slow Oxidative Fiber
SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES
Fibers are SPECIALIZED for RAPID, SHORT-TERM CONTRACTIONS.
Fast Glycolytic Fiber
SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES
Fibers that have PHYSIOLOGICAL and HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES intermediate between those of the other two types.
Fast Oxidative-glycolytic Fibers
TRANSVERSE LINES that cross the FIBERS at IRREGULAR INTERVALS where the myocardial cells join.
Intercalated Discs
It represents the INTERFACES BETWEEN ADJACENT CELLS and consists of many JUNCTIONAL COMPLEXES.
Intercalated Discs
TRANSVERSE REGION of THESE IRREGULAR, STEP-LIKE DISCS are composed of what?
Many desmosomes and fascia adherens
The LESS ABUNDANT longitudinally oriented regions of EACH INTERCALATED DISCS run parallel to the myofibrils and are filled with?
That provides ionic continuity between the cells.
Gap Junctions
It contains the MAJOR ION CHANNELS that control Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic cisternae at myofibrils that initiate contraction.
Caveolae
Fibers of smooth muscle also called?
Visceral Muscle
These are ELONGATED, TAPERING,
and UNSTRIATED CELLS, each of which is enclosed by an external
lamina and a network of type I and type III collagen fibers comprising the endomysium.
Visceral Muscle
The SOURCE OF REGENERATING CELLS is the sparse population of mesenchymal.
Satellite Cells
Where is the Skeletal Muscle located?
- Attaches to the bone via tendon
- Tongue
- Diaphram
- Eye Socket
- Upper Esophagus
Where is the Cardiac Muscle located?
The thick middle layer of the heart
Where is the Smooth Muscle located?
Stomach and Intestines
