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HUMAN HISTOLOGY > Muscular Tissue > Flashcards

Muscular Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

It is composed of cells that optimize the universal cell property of CONTRACTILITY.

A

Muscle Tissue

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2
Q

What are the THREE TYPES of Muscle Tissue?

A
  1. Skeletal Muscle
  2. Cardiac Muscle
  3. Smooth Muscle
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3
Q

It contains BUNDLES OF VERY LONG, MULTI-NUCLEATED CELLS with CROSS-STRIATIONS.

A

Skeletal Muscle

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4
Q

It has CROSS-STRIATIONS and is COMPOSED OF ELONGATED, often BRANCHED CELLS bound to one another at structures called INTERCALATED DISCS, which are unique to cardiac muscle.

A

Cardiac Muscle

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5
Q

It consists of collections of FUSIFORM CELLS, which LACK STRIATIONS, HAVE SLOW INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTION.

A

Smooth Muscle

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6
Q

It is the CYTOPLASM of muscle cells often called?

A

Sarcoplasm

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7
Q

It is the SMOOTH ER of muscle cells?

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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8
Q

the MUSCLE CELL MEMBRANE and its external lamina are the?

A

Sarcolemma

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9
Q

The process of TISSUE GROWTH is characterized by INCREASED CELL VOLUME.

A

Hypertrophy

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10
Q

The process of TISSUE GROWTH by an INCREASED in the NUMBER OF CELLS.

A

Hyperplasia

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11
Q

It consists of MUSCLE FIBERS, which are LONG, CYLINDRICAL MULTINUCLEATED CELLS with diameters of 10-100 μm.

A

Skeletal Muscle

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12
Q

A SMALL POPULATION of RESERVEV PROGENITOR CELLS called muscle?

A

Satellite Cells

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13
Q

Organization of Skeletal Muscle

It is an EXTERNAL SHEATH of DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE, that surrounds the entire muscle.

A

Epimysium

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14
Q

Organization of Skeletal Muscle

A THIN CONNECTIVE TISSUE LAYER that immediately surrounds each BUNDLE OF MUSCLE FIBERS termed a FASCICLE.

A

Perimysium

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15
Q

Organization of Skeletal Muscle

VERY THIN, DELICATE LAYER OF RETICULAR FIBERS, and SCATTERED FIBROBLASTS that enveloped individual muscle fiber.

A

Endomysium

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16
Q

All three layers plus the DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE of the DEEP FASCIA, which overlies the epimysium, are continuous with the tough connective tissue of a tendon at what?

Which joins the muscle to the bone, skin, or another muscle.

A

Myotendinous Junctions

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17
Q

The sarcoplasm is HIGHLY ORGANIZED, CONTAINING PRIMARILY LONG CYLINDRICAL FILAMENTS BUNDLES called?

A

Myofibrils

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18
Q

The DARK BANDS on the MYOFIBRILS are called?

A

A bands

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19
Q

The LIGHT BANDS on the MYOFIBRILS are called?

A

I bands

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20
Q

The DARK TRANSVERSE LINE on the MYOFIBRILS is called?

A

Z discs

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21
Q

The A and I BANDING PATTERN in SARCOMERES is due mainly to the regular arrangement of thick and thin myofilaments, composed of?

A

Myosin and F-actin

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22
Q

It is a LARGE COMPLEX with TWO IDENTICAL HEAVY CHAINS and TWO PAIRS OF LIGHT CHAIN.

A

Myosin

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23
Q

A THIN, HELICAL FILAMENTS that run BETWEEN THE THICK FILAMENTS.

A

F-actin

24
Q

What are the TWO TIGHTLY ASSOCIATED regulatory proteins in the thin filaments?

A
  1. Tropomyosin
  2. Troponin (TnC, TnT, TnI)
25
Q

A 40-nm-long coil of TWO POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS located in the groove between the two twisted actin strands.

A

Tropomyosin

26
Q

A complex of THREE SUBUNITS: TnT, which attaches to tropomyosin; TnC, which binds Ca2+; and TnI, which regulates the actin-myosin interaction.

A

Troponin

27
Q

Actin filaments are ANCHORED perpendicularly on the Z DISC
by the actin-binding protein.

A

α-actinin

28
Q

It SUPPORTS the THICK MYOFILAMENTS and CONNECTS them to the Z disc.

A

Titin

29
Q

BINDS EACH thin myofilament laterally.

A

Nebulin

30
Q

Parts or involved in the I band?

A
  1. α-actinin
  2. Titin
  3. Nebulin
31
Q

Parts or involved in the A band?

A
  1. H zone
  2. M line
32
Q

It contains a MYOSIN-BINDING PROTEIN that HOLDS THICK FILAMENTS.

A

Myomesin

33
Q

This ENZYME CATALYZE is the TRANSFER OF PHOSPHATE GROUP from PHOSPHOCREATINE, a storage form of high-energy phosphate groups, to ADP, helping to supply ATP for muscle contraction.

A

Creatine Kinase

34
Q

The corresponding to a region with only the ROD-LIKE PORTIONS of the MYOSIN MOLECULE and NO THIN FILAMENTS.

A

H zone

35
Q

BISECTS the H zone that CONTAINS
MYOMESIN & CREATINE KINASE.

A

M line

36
Q

It is the TWO-TERMINAL CISTERNS of SR contact a deep invagination of the SARCOLEMMA that has TUBULAR INFOLDINGS.

A

Transverse or T-tubules

37
Q

Cisternae that are ADJACENT TO T-TUBULES forming a TRIAD.

A

Terminal Cisternae

38
Q

It is the contraction induced when an action potential arrives at a synapse and is transmitted along the T-tubules to terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger Ca2+ release.

A

Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

39
Q

It is the SENSORY RECEPTOR that PROVIDES THE CNS with DATA from the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.

A

Proprioceptors

40
Q

SENSORY PROPRIOCEPTOR in which SENSORY AXONS wrap around intrafusal fibers in small specialized fascicles; mediate reflexes of varying complexity.

A

Muscle spindles

41
Q

SMALLER ENCAPSULATED STRUCTURES that enclose SENSORY AXONS penetrating among the COLLAGEN FIBERS at the MYOTENDINOUS JUNCTION; detect changes in tension within tendons.

A

Golgi Tendon Organ

42
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES

MUSCLE FIBERS are ADAPTED FOR SLOW CONTRACTIONS over long periods WITHOUT FATIGUE.

A

Slow Oxidative Fiber

43
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES

Fibers are SPECIALIZED for RAPID, SHORT-TERM CONTRACTIONS.

A

Fast Glycolytic Fiber

44
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES

Fibers that have PHYSIOLOGICAL and HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES intermediate between those of the other two types.

A

Fast Oxidative-glycolytic Fibers

45
Q

TRANSVERSE LINES that cross the FIBERS at IRREGULAR INTERVALS where the myocardial cells join.

A

Intercalated Discs

46
Q

It represents the INTERFACES BETWEEN ADJACENT CELLS and consists of many JUNCTIONAL COMPLEXES.

A

Intercalated Discs

47
Q

TRANSVERSE REGION of THESE IRREGULAR, STEP-LIKE DISCS are composed of what?

A

Many desmosomes and fascia adherens

48
Q

The LESS ABUNDANT longitudinally oriented regions of EACH INTERCALATED DISCS run parallel to the myofibrils and are filled with?

That provides ionic continuity between the cells.

A

Gap Junctions

49
Q

It contains the MAJOR ION CHANNELS that control Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic cisternae at myofibrils that initiate contraction.

A

Caveolae

50
Q

Fibers of smooth muscle also called?

A

Visceral Muscle

51
Q

These are ELONGATED, TAPERING,
and UNSTRIATED CELLS, each of which is enclosed by an external
lamina and a network of type I and type III collagen fibers comprising the endomysium.

A

Visceral Muscle

52
Q

The SOURCE OF REGENERATING CELLS is the sparse population of mesenchymal.

A

Satellite Cells

53
Q

Where is the Skeletal Muscle located?

A
  1. Attaches to the bone via tendon
  2. Tongue
  3. Diaphram
  4. Eye Socket
  5. Upper Esophagus
54
Q

Where is the Cardiac Muscle located?

A

The thick middle layer of the heart

55
Q

Where is the Smooth Muscle located?

A

Stomach and Intestines

HUMAN HISTOLOGY (12 decks)

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