Respiratory system Flashcards
External Respiration
Exchanging air between the body and the outside environment
Internal Respiration
Bringing oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide from them
Inhalation
inspiration
The nose
external nares
nose divided by
nasal septum
where are cilia
in nose
cilia
responsible for filtering out foreign bodies
modern term for pharynx
throat
three section of pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
epiglottis
movable flap of cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx
larynx
voice box,
what saves people from choking
abdominal thrust
larynx
passageway to the trachea and the area where sounds are produced
high pitch
short and thin
low pitch
thick and long
glottis
part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords
false vocal chords
close airway during swallowing
true vocal chords
produce sound
trachea
Also known as the windpipe, Connects the larynx to the right and left bronchi
point where trachea divides into left and right bronchi
mediastinum
what happens during internal respiration
bronchi travels to the bronchioles then to the tiny air sacs (alveoli) which connect to lung capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
lungs
right and left lung. Rt lung (3 lobes and Lt lung (2 lobes)
2 layers of lungs
outer layer is the parietal pleura and the inner layer is the visceral pleura
space between two pleura
pleural cavity
sections of lungs
apex hilum and base
apex
top section of lung
hilum
middle section of lung
base
bottom section of lung
muscles for breathing
Diaphragm and Intercostal muscles
how do muscles assist with breathing
major muscles that contract to enlarge the thoracic cavity
paranasal sinusus
spaces within bones
4 sinus cavities
maxillary
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
what do paranasal sinisus assist with
reduces the weight of skull and are resonant chambers for voice.
resting tidal volume
amount of air that enters the lungs during one cycle
vital capacity
amount of air that can be forced in or out by taking a deep breath.
procedures to diagnose respiratory disorders
Auscultation, Assessing respiratory
rate, Percussion, Sputum analysis
normal respiratory rate
15 to 20 respirations per minute.
spirometer
measures the lungs volume and capacity
how to diagnose masses and restricted blood flow
Chest x-rays
MRI
Lung scan
structures of respiratory systems can be observed by
Endoscopy
Bronchoscopy
breathing patterns
eupnea, bradypnea, tachypnea, hypopnea, hyperpnea, dyspnea, apnea, orthopnea
normal breathing
eupnea
slow breathing
bradypnea
fast breathing
tachypnea
shallow breathing
hypopnea
deep breathing
hyperpnea
difficulty/ abnormal breathing
dyspnea
no breathing
apnea
difficulty breathing lying down, no difficulty sitting up
orthopnea
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
what is copd
chronic obstruction of the bronchial tubes and lungs
other disease known as copd
Emphysema (alveoli damaged)
Chronic Bronchitis
asthma
causes narrowing of the bronchi leading to dyspnea, wheezing and coughing. Asthma is not COPD.
hemoptysis
spitting or coughing of blood.
cystic fibrosis
exocrine glands that causes secretion of abnormally thick mucus
pneumothorax
Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity.
hemothorax
Blood in the pleural cavity.
ventilators
breathing substitute
nebulizers
Deliver medication through the mouth or nose to ease breathing problems
